This poem became “Logging 7.” Only variant is in Line 16: “they” is deleted and “a cabin” substituted for “shanties” making it clear that it was Ed McCullough who lived at Sullivan’s Gulch. “Sullivan’s Gulch” on Portland’s near East side was a Hooverville for more than 300 homeless people during the Great Depression.

GROVES
Introductory Remarks to “Groves”
Epigraph: “The wonderful reproductive power of this species…” 
“The morning star is not a star…”
“Pines, under pines…”
“Ray Wells, a big Nisqually, and I…”
“Felix Baran, Hugo Gerlot, Gustav Johnson …”
“Each dawn is clear…”  
“The groves are down, cut down…” 
“Lodgepole cone / seed waits for fire…”

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