This is the classic work that gave the Phillips curve its name. There is an interesting article by A. G. Sleeman on the origins of this paper and its publication in the current issue of Journal of Economic Perspectives.
The term "trade cycle" is an antiquated term for what we now call the "business cycle."
There is a good deal of detail in this paper that can be read quickly; your focus should be on the method and results.
Be sure to note that Phillips does his analysis in terms of wage inflation, whereas most modern expositions of the Phillips curve use price inflation. They often move together, but whe real wages are not constant they are not the same.
Questions for analysis
Characterize the mix of theory and empirical analysis in the Phillips paper. How convincing do you find each of these two components of the analysis?
In light of the empirical difficulties that the Phillips curve encountered beginning in the 1970s and the theories that were developed to explain them, why is it important that the U.K. was on the gold standard (or a gold exchange standard) during the vast majority of the sample period?
Based on the graphs of the various sub-periods, what seem to be the typical values for what would later be called the "natural rate of unemployment"?
Why is wage inflation not zero when unemployment is at its natural rate? What can we infer from the level of wage inflation at the natural rate of unemployment?