References

Caldas, Astrid. 1994. Biology of Anaeaa ryphea (Nymphalidaae) in Campinas, Brazil. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society: 48 (3) 248-257

Freitas, André V. L. and Paulo S. Oliveira. 1992. Biology and behavior of the neotropical butterfly Eunica bechina (Nymphalidae) with special reference to larval defence against ant predation. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera: 31(1-2) 1-11

Machado, Glauco, and André V. L. Freitas. 2001. Larval defence against ant predation in the butterfly Smyrna blomfildia. Ecological Entomology: 26 (4) 436-439

Morton, Timothy C. and Fredric V. Vencl. 1998. Larval beetles form a defense from recycled host-plant chemicals discharged as fecal wastes. Journal of Chemical Ecology: 24 (5) 765-785

Schaffner, Urs and Caroline Muller. 2001. Exploitation of the fecal shield of the lily leaf beetle, Lilioceris lilii (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by the specialist parasitoid Lemophagus pulcher (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Journal of Insect Behavior: 14 (6) 740-757

Vencl, Fredric V., Timothy C. Morton, Ralph O. Mumma and Jack C. Schultz. 1999. Shield defense of a larval tortoise beetle. Journal of Chemical Ecology: 25 (3) 549-566.

Vencl, Fredric V., and Timothy C. Morton. 1998. The shield defense of the sumac flea beetle, Blepharida rhois (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Chemoecology: 8 (1) 25-32