| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
|---|---|
| Common name: | figwort, snapdragon family [Zomlefer, pp. 250-254] |
| Diversity: | Worldwide: 220 genera; 3,000 species U.S.: 40 genera PNW (Hitchcock & Cronquist): 30 genera |
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| Flower | |
|---|---|
| K(5) Co(5) S4 P(2) | |
| Sexuality: | bisexual |
| Symmetry: | zygomorphic |
| Inflorescence: | raceme or cyme |
| Calyx (sepals): | 5 (sometimes 4), united |
| Corolla (petals): | 5 (sometimes 4), fused into a long or short tube, sometimes two-lipped (=bilabiate) |
| Androecium: | 4, didynamous (=in two, paired lengths), rarely 2 or 5 |
| Gynoecium: | 2 united carpels, superior ovary (=hypogynous), single style, axile placentation, numerous ovules |
| Fruit: | capsule or berry |
| Other features: | |
| Vegetative Features | |
|---|---|
| round stems | |
| Leaves: | opposite, alternate, or (rarely) whorled simple, entire to dissected, exstipulate |
| Life-history: | annual to perennial |
| Habit: | herbs, some shrubs, rarely trees |
| Distribution & Ecology: | cosmopolitan, diversity centered in the Mediterranean range of parasitic lifestyles (hemiparasites to holoparasites) |
| Some Northwest Genera: | Castilleja, paintbrush Collinsia, blue-eyed mary Digitalis, foxglove Linaria, butter and eggs Mimulus, monkey flower Orthocarpus, owl-clover Pedicularis, lousewort Penstemon, beardtongue Verbascum, mullein Veronica, speedwell |
| Economic Importance | |
|---|---|
| Crops: | medicinal plant Digitalis, foxglove |
| Ornamentals: | garden ornamentals Antirrhinum, snapdragon |
| Weedy and pest species: | |
| Examples | Scrophulariaceae Castilleja |
|---|---|
| Scrophulariaceae Collinsia |
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| Scrophulariaceae Mimulus |
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| Scrophulariaceae Orthocarpus |
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| Scrophulariaceae Penstemon |
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| click on the genus name for a flower image | |
Links to Other Web Sites
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