Glossary

Adaptive value- the measure of how useful a specific structure or function of an animal is in the animal’s native environment; the ways in which a phenotype confers fitness within a particular environment

Conspecific- animal belong to the same species as another animal

Co-opted- having developed some purpose different from the original purpose

Copulation- sexual intercourse

Evolution- change in relative trait proportions in a group of animals over time

Female choice- females’ preference for males with particular traits

Fitness- the ability of an animal to survive and reproduce in a given environment, relative to others of the same species

Forced perspective- an optical illusion that can make objects appear closer, farther away, larger, or smaller than they actually are

Home range- an area over which an animal regularly travels in order to obtain resources, such as food or mates

Lek- aggregation of males engaging in competitive displays

Marauding- a term referring to the partial or complete destruction of a male’s bower or theft of a male’s bower decorations by another male

Masticated- chewed

Monogamous- having only one mate for the duration of a mating season or longer

Nuchal crest- the colorful crest located on the nape of the neck

Phylogenetic models- models that show the evolutionary history of species and the relationships between them

Plumage- feathers

Polygynous- a male having multiple female mates during a single mating season

Runaway sexual selection- females’ preference for ornamented males, resulting in the evolution of exaggerated male ornamentation

Sapling- a young tree

Spire- a tapering, conical structure