References:

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1. Barker, F. K., G. F. Barrowclough, and J. G. Groth. 2002. A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds; Taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269:295-308.

2. Prum, Richard O.; Snow, David W. (2003). "Manakins". Perrins, Christopher. The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. pp. 434-437. ISBN 1-55297-777-3.

3. Ryan, Michael, J,. Wilczynski, Walter. (2011) An introduction to animal behavior: an integrative approach. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 35-38. ISBN 978-1936113187.

4. Schlinger, B. A., J. D. Schultz, and F. Hertel. 2001. Neuromuscular and endocrine control of an avian courtship behavior. Hormones and Behavior: in press.

Mechanism

1. Botswick, Kimberly. Prum, Richard. 2003. High-speed video analysis of wing-snapping in 2 manakin clades (Pipridae: Aves). Journal of Experimental Biology 2003 206: 3693-3706; doi: 10.1242/jeb.00598

2. Canoine, V., Fusani, L., Schlinger, B., Hau, M., 2007. Low sex steroids, high steroid receptors: increasing the sensitivity of the non-reproductive brain. J. Neurobiol.

3. Chapman, F. M. (1935). The courtship of Gould’s Manakin (Manacus manacus vitellinus) on Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 68, 471-525.

4. Day, L.B., McBroom, J.T., Schlinger, B.A., 2006. Testosterone increases display behaviors but does not stimulate growth of adult plumage in male golden-collared manakins (Manacus vitellinus). Horm. Behav. 49, 223-232.

5. Fusani, L., Barske, J., Day, L. D., Fuxjager, M. J., & Schlinger, B. A. (2014). Physiological control of elaborate male courtship: Female choice for neuromuscular systems. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 46(0 4), 534-546. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.017

6. Schlinger, B. A., Barske, J., Day, L., Fusani, L., & Fuxjager, M. J. (2013). Hormones and the neuromuscular control of courtship in the golden-collared manakin (Manacus vitellinus). Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 34(3), 143-156. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.04.001

7. Schultz, J. D. and B. A. Schlinger. 1999. Widespread accumulation of [(3)H]testosterone in the spinal cord of a wild bird with an elaborate courtship display. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96:10428-10432.

8. Schultz, J. D., Phelps, P. E., and Schlinger, B. A. (2000). Spinal cord androgen receptors and sexually dimorphic wing muscles in a wingsnapping bird. Soc. Neurosci. Abs. 26, 1269.

Ontogeny

1. Barske, J., Schlinger, B. A., Wikelski, M., & Fusani, L. (2011). Female choice for male motor skills. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1724), 3523-3528. http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0382

2. Botswick, Kimberly. Prum, Richard. 2003. High-speed video analysis of wing-snapping in 2 manakin clades (Pipridae: Aves). Journal of Experimental Biology 2003 206: 3693-3706; doi: 10.1242/jeb.00598

3. Cestari, C., Loiselle, B. A., & Pizo, M. A. (2016). Trade-Offs in Male Display Activity with Lek Size. PLoS ONE, 11(9), e0162943. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162943

4. DuVal, E.H. (2012) Variation in annual and lifetime reproductive success of lance-tailed manakins: experience as an alpha offsets senescence in siring success. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B. 279: 1551-1559. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1840

5. DuVal, E.H. (2013) Variation in annual and lifetime reproductive success of lance-tailed manakins: experience as an alpha offsets senescence in siring success. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B. 279: 1551-1559. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1840

6. DuVal, E. H. (2007). Cooperative display and lekking behavior of the Lance-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata). The Auk, 124(4), 1168-1185. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1168:cdalbo]2.0.co;2.

7. McDonald, D. B. (2007). Predicting fate from early connectivity in a social network. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(26), 10910-10914. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701159104

Phylogeny

1. Bostwick, K. S., Riccio, M. L., & Humphries, J. M. (2012). Massive, solidified bone in the wing of a volant courting bird. Biology Letters, 8(5), 760-763. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0382

2. Friscia, A., Sanin, G. D., Lindsay, W. R., Day, L. B., Schlinger, B. A., Tan, J. and Fuxjager, M. J. (2016), Adaptive evolution of a derived radius morphology in manakins (Aves, Pipridae) to support acrobatic display behavior. Journal of Morphology, 277: 766-775. doi:10.1002/jmor.20534

3. Fusani, L., Barske, J., Day, L. D., Fuxjager, M. J., & Schlinger, B. A. (2014). Physiological control of elaborate male courtship: Female choice for neuromuscular systems. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 46(0 4), 534-546. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.017

4. Lindsay W, R, Houck J, T, Giuliano C, E, Day L, B, Acrobatic Courtship Display Coevolves with Brain Size in Manakins (Pipridae). Brain Behav Evol 2015;85:29-36

Adaptive Value

1. Bostwick, K. S., Riccio, M. L., & Humphries, J. M. (2012). Massive, solidified bone in the wing of a volant courting bird. Biology Letters, 8(5), 760-763. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0382

2. DuVal, E. H. (2007) Adaptive advantages of cooperative courtship for subordinate male lance-tailed manakins. American Naturalist. 169 (4): 423-432.

3. DuVal, E.H. (2012) Variation in annual and lifetime reproductive success of lance-tailed manakins: experience as an alpha offsets senescence in siring success. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B. 279: 1551-1559. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1840

4. DuVal, E.H. (2013) Variation in annual and lifetime reproductive success of lance-tailed manakins: experience as an alpha offsets senescence in siring success. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B. 279: 1551-1559. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1840

5. Lindsay WR, Giuliano CE, Houck JT, Day LB. Acrobatic courtship display coevolves with brain size in manakins (Pipridae). Brain, Behavior and Evolution. in press

6. McDonald, D. B. (2007). Predicting fate from early connectivity in a social network. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(26), 10910-10914. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701159104

Image Sources:

Home

1. https://www.flickr.com/photos/sergiobitran/11224218264/

2. http://www.reed.edu/biology/courses/BIO342/2012_syllabus/2012_WEBSITES/ttem_site%205-1/images/4questions.jpg

Mechanism

1. Citation: Day, L.B., McBroom, J.T., Schlinger, B.A., 2006. Testosterone increases display behaviors but does not stimulate growth of adult plumage in male golden-collared manakins (Manacus vitellinus). Horm. Behav. 49, 223-232.

2. http://antpitta.com/images/photos/manakins/White-collared-Manakin-male-laselva_0755.jpg

Ontogeny

1. DuVal, E. H. (2007). Cooperative display and lekking behavior of the Lance-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata). The Auk, 124(4), 1168-1185. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1168:cdalbo]2.0.co;2.

2. https://www.flickr.com/photos/rainbirder/14635401698/

Phylogeny

1. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/bostwick_07

2. Citation: Bostwick, K. S., Riccio, M. L., & Humphries, J. M. (2012). Massive, solidified bone in the wing of a volant courting bird. Biology Letters, 8(5), 760-763. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0382

Adaptive Value

1. Citation: Bostwick, K. S., Riccio, M. L., & Humphries, J. M. (2012). Massive, solidified bone in the wing of a volant courting bird. Biology Letters, 8(5), 760-763. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0382

2. http://www.markprettinaturetours.com/long-t%20manakin.jpg