References

Text References

Bartholomew, G. A. (1970). A model for the evolution of pinniped polygyny. Evolution, 546-559.

Berta, A. (2009). Pinnipedia, Overview. In W. F. P. W. G. M. Thewissen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Second Edition) (pp. 878-885). London: Academic Press.

Carey, P. W. (1991). Resource-defense Polygyny and Male Territory Quality in the New Zealand Fur Seal. Ethology, 88(1), 63-79.

Cassini, M. H. (1999). The evolution of reproductive systems in pinnipeds. Behavioral Ecology, 10(5), 612-616.

Cuthbert, R., & Sommer, E. (2002). Home range, territorial behaviour and habitat use of stoats (Mustela erminea) in a colony of Hutton's shearwater (Puffinus huttoni), New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 29(2), 149-160.

de Bruyn, P. J. N., Tosh, C. A., Bester, M. N., Cameron, E. Z., McIntyre, T., & Wilkinson, I. S. (2011). Sex at sea: alternative mating system in an extremely polygynous mammal. Animal Behaviour, 82(3), 445-451.

Higdon, J., Bininda-Emonds, O., Beck, R., & Ferguson, S. (2007). Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7(1), 216.

Kiyota, M. (2005). Site fidelity, territory acquisition and mating success in male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Mammal Study, 30(1), 19-27.

McCann, T. S. (1980). Territoriality and breeding behaviour of adult male Antarctic Fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella. Journal of Zoology, 192(3), 295-310.

Mesnick, S. L., & Ralls, K. (2009). Mating Systems. In W. F. P. W. G. M. Thewissen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Second Edition) (pp. 712-719). London: Academic Press.

Miller, E. H. (2009). Territorial Behavior. In W. F. P. W. G. M. Thewissen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Second Edition) (pp. 1156-1166). London: Academic Press.

Peterson, R. S., Hubbs, C. L., Gentry, R. L., & Delong, R. L. (1968). The Guadalupe Fur Seal: Habitat, Behavior, Population Size, and Field Identification. Journal of Mammalogy, 49(4), 665-675.

Powell, R. A., Zimmerman, J. W., & Seaman, D. E. (1997). Ecology and Behaviour of North American Black Bears: Home Ranges, Habitat, and Social Organization: Chapman & Hall.

Renouf, D. (2012). The Behaviour of Pinnipeds: Springer Netherlands.

Robertson, K. L., Runcorn, C. W., Young, J. K., & Gerber, L. R. (2008). Spatial and temporal patterns of territory use of male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 86(4), 237-244.

Weckerly, F. W. (1998). Sexual-size dimorphism: influence of mass and mating systems in the most dimorphic mammals. Journal of Mammalogy, 79(1), 33-52.

Image and Figure References

Banner

Rosenbaum, Dan. "Discover the Sea Lion Center at Pier 39." San Francisco Travel. San Francisco Travel Association, 10 Sept. 2014. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. <http://www.sanfrancisco.travel/article/discover-sea-lion-center-pier-39>.

Home Page

Miller, E. H. (2009). Territorial Behavior. In W. F. P. W. G. M. Thewissen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Second Edition) (pp. 1156-1166). London: Academic Press.

SC, Laika. "Sea Lions." Flickr. Yahoo!, 8 Aug. 2014. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. <https://www.flickr.com/photos/laika_ac/14887829841>.

Phylogeny Page

Annotated phylogeny modifid by the authors from: Higdon, J., Bininda-Emonds, O., Beck, R., & Ferguson, S. (2007). Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7(1), 216.

"Elephant Seals: Basics." UCSD Earth Guide. Scripps Institute of Oceanography, UCSD, 24 June 2013. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. <http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/elephantseals/basics/>.

Survival Value Page

"Pinniped." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinniped#/media/File:Pinniped_underwater.jpg>.

Taylar, Ingrid. "Pinniped R&R." The Wild Beat. 17 Oct. 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. <http://www.thewildbeat.com/2011/10/17/california-sea-lions-hauled-out/>.

Mechanism Page

"BBC Nature — Walruses, Seals and Sea Lions." BBC News. BBC. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Pinniped>.

"Southern Sea Lions." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Oct. 2006. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_sea_lion#/media/File:Southern_Sea_Lions.jpg>.

Ontogeny Page

Taylor, Martin. "Male and Female Elephant Seals." Flickr. Yahoo!, 17 Feb. 2006. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. <https://www.flickr.com/photos/martintaylor/102003385>.