References


Altringham, John D. Bats: Biology and Behaviour. New York: Oxford UP, 1998. Print.

Buchler, Edward R. “The development of flight, foraging, and echolocation in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus).” Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1980. 6: 211-218.

Denny, Mark. “The physics of bat echolocation: Signal processing techniques.” Am. J. Phys. 2004. 72: 1465-1477.

Grinnell, A., Griffin, D. R. “The sensitivity of echolocation in bats.” Biological Bulletin. 1958. 114: 10-22.

Jones, Gareth. “Echolocation.” Current Biology. 2005. 15: 484-488.

Jones, Gareth. “Sensory ecology: Echolocation calls are used for communication.” Current Biology. 2007. 18:34-35.

Knornschild, M., Nagy, M., Metz, M., Mayer, F., von Helversen, O. “Complex vocal imitation during ontogeny in a bat.” Biol. Let. 2009. 6: 156-159.

Lawrence BD, Simmons JA “Echolocation in bats: The external ear and perception of the vertical positions of targets.” Science 1982. 218: 481–483.

Moss, C. N., Redish, D., Gounden, C., Kunz, T. H. “Ontogeny of vocal signals in the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus.” Anim, Behav. 1997. 54: 131-141.

Simmons, N. B., Seymour, K. L., Habersetzer, J., Gunnell, G. F. “Primitive early Eocene bat from Wyoming and the evolution of flight and echolocation.” Nature. 2008. 451: 818-821.

Springer, M. S., Teeling, E. C., Madsen, O., Stanhope, M. J., de Jong, W. W. “Integrated fossil and molecular data reconstruct bat echolocation. PNAS. 2001. 98: 6241-6246.

Suga, Nobuo. “Bisonar and neural computation in bats.” Scientific American. 1990. 60-68.

Teeling, E. C., Scally, M., Kao, D.J., Romagnoli, M. L., Springer, M. S., Stanhope, M. J. “Molecular evidence regarding the origin of echolocation and flight in bats.” Nature. 2000. 403: 188-192.

Voigt-Heucke, S. L., Taborsky, M., Dechmann, D. K. N. “A dual function of echolocation: Bats use echolocation calls to identify familiar and unfamiliar individuals.” Anim. Behav. 2010. 80: 59-67.

Wund, Matthew A. “Learning and the development of habitat-specific bat echolocation.” Anim. Behav. 2005. 70: 441-450.

Images

Home Page: "A Mexican Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) living in the Van Horn Maintenance Shop at the Texas Department of Transportation"

Groves, Ron. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flying_Tadarida_brasiliensis_in_Texas.jpg

"A visual representation of Tim Bergmann's four questions including another potentially useful category culture."

Renn, Suzy. Biology 342 taught at Reed College.

"Three modern uses of echolocation."

Griffin, Donald. http://askabiologist.asu.edu/echolocation

Phylogeny: "A cladogram of echolocating animals (and others) with relation to amino acids that form Prestin,
a key echolocating gene. The cladogram illistrates convergence of echolocation."

Ed Young. http://scienceblogs.com/notrocketscience/2010/01/echolocation_in_bats_and_whales_based_on_same_changes_to_sam.php

Ontogeny: "Teenager finds baby bat in her bra"

Adrian Judd. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2266900/Teenager-finds-baby-bat-in-her-bra.html

Mechanism: "Echoloation in bats"

http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Image:Echolocation_in_bats_fig1.jpg