Header image by Simon Pierre Barrette

Mating Ball

Crews, D. (1985). "Effects of Early Sex Steroid-Hormone Treatment on Courtship Behavior and Sexual Attractivity in the Red-Sided Garter Snake, Thamnophis-Sirtalis-Parietalis." Physiology & Behavior 35(4): 569-575.

Gregory, P. T. (2006). "Influence of income and capital on reproduction in a viviparous snake: direct and indirect effects." Journal of Zoology 270(3): 414-419.

Gregory, P. T. (2011). "Temporal dynamics of relative-mass variation of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) at a communal hibernaculum in Manitoba." Ecoscience 18(1): 1-8.

Joy, J. E. and D. Crews (1985). "Social Dynamics of Group Courtship Behavior in Male Red-Sided Garter Snakes (Thamnophis-Sirtalis-Parietalis)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 99(2): 145-149.

Shine, R., B. Phillips, et al. (2001). "Benefits of female mimicry in snakes." Nature 414(6861): 267-267.

Shine, R., M. P. LeMaster, et al. (2001). "Bumpus in the snake den: Effects of sex, size, and body condition on mortality of red-sided garter snakes." Evolution 55(3): 598-604.

Shine, R., T. Langkilde, et al. (2003). "Cryptic forcible insemination: Male snakes exploit female physiology, anatomy, and behavior to obtain coercive matings." American Naturalist 162(5): 653-667.

Shine, R., T. Langkilde, et al. (2003). "The opportunistic serpent: Male garter snakes adjust courtship tactics to mating opportunities." Behaviour 140: 1509-1526.

Shine, R. and R. T. Mason (2005). "Does large body size in males evolve to facilitate forcible insemination? A study on garter snakes." Evolution 59(11): 2426-2432.

Uhrig, E. J., D. I. Lutterschmidt, et al. (2012). "Pheromonal Mediation of Intraseasonal Declines in the Attractivity of Female Red-Sided Garter Snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis." Journal of Chemical Ecology 38(1): 71-80.

Hibernation

Burke, R. L. (1991). "Relocations, Repatriations, and Translocations of Amphibians and Reptiles - Taking a Broader View." Herpetologica 47(3): 350-357.

Germano, J. M. and P. J. Bishop (2009). "Suitability of Amphibians and Reptiles for Translocation." Conservation Biology 23(1): 7-15.

Lawson, P. A. (1994). "Orientation Abilities and Mechanisms in Nonmigratory Populations of Garter Snakes (Thamnophis-Sirtalis and T-Ordinoides)." Copeia(2): 263-274.

Lawson, P. A. and D. M. Secoy (1991). "The Use of Solar Cues as Migratory Orientation Guides by the Plains Garter Snake, Thamnophis-Radix." Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 69(10): 2700-2702.

LeMaster, M. P., I. T. Moore, et al. (2001). "Conspecific trailing behaviour of red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, in the natural environment." Animal Behaviour 61: 827-833.

Lutterschmidt, D. I. (2012). "Chronobiology of reproduction in garter snakes: Neuroendocrine mechanisms and geographic variation." General and Comparative Endocrinology 176(3): 448-455.

Lutterschmidt, D. I., M. P. LeMaster, et al. (2006). "Minimal overwintering temperatures of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis): a possible cue for emergence?" Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 84(5): 771-777.

Lutterschmidt, D. I. and R. T. Mason (2009). "Endocrine mechanisms mediating temperature-induced reproductive behavior in red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)." Journal of Experimental Biology 212(19): 3108-3118.

Mendonca, M. T. and D. Crews (1996). "Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on attractivity and receptivity in the red sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)." Journal of Comparative Physiology a-Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 178(3): 373-381.

Macmillan, S. (1995). "Restoration of an Extirpated Red-Sided Garter Snake Thamnophis-Sirtalis-Parietalis Population in the Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada." Biological Conservation 72(1): 13-16./p>

Parker, M. R. and R. T. Mason (2009). "Low Temperature Dormancy Affects the Quantity and Quality of the Female Sexual Attractiveness Pheromone in Red-sided Garter Snakes." Journal of Chemical Ecology 35(10): 1234-1241.

Parker, M. R. and R. T. Mason (2009). "Low Temperature Dormancy Affects the Quantity and Quality of the Female Sexual Attractiveness Pheromone in Red-sided Garter Snakes." Journal of Chemical Ecology 35(10): 1234-1241.

Southwood, A. and L. Avens (2010). "Physiological, behavioral, and ecological aspects of migration in reptiles." Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 180(1): 1-23.

Takats, L. (2002). "Red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) relocation and education project. Final report." Alberta Species at Risk Report 30: i-viii, 1-17.

Todd, J., J. Amiel, et al. (2009). "Factors influencing the emergence of a northern population of Eastern Ribbon Snakes (Thamnophis sauritus) from artificial hibernacula." Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 87(12): 1221-1226.

Rattlesnakes

Amarello, M. and J. J. Smith (2012). "Arizona black rattlesnake aggregations exhibit hallmarks of sociality." From Social Snakes blog.

Amarello, M., J. J. Smith and J. Slone (2011). "Family values: Maternal care in rattlesnakes is more than mere attendance." Available from Nature Precedings.

Clark, R. W., W. S. Brown, et al. (2012). "Cryptic sociality in rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) detected by kinship analysis." Biology Letters 8(4): 523-525.