Mon Jan 22  Introductions and Goals of the Course

Wed Jan 24 The Language-Culture-Power Nexus

• READ: Agar: Language Shock, Ch. 1 Culture Blends and Ch. 2 The Circle, and Ch. 3 The Circle and the Field, 1994. (~60 pp) (Bookstore, ereserve).
• READ: Philips, Susan. "Power," in Alessandro Duranti, ed., Key Terms in Language and Culture. (ereserve).
• Key Terms: Agency, Power, Relativity, Socialization, Translation, Truth

In class: Sign up to be Moodle Discussants
Share: Moodle Media Use Guidelines, AI Tools Policy

Further Reading

Agar: Language Shock, Ch. 4 Cultural Signifieds and Ch. 5 Similarities and Differences, and Ch. 6 Situations, 1994. (~60 pp) (Bookstore, book reserve, ereserve).

Ahearn: Living Language ch. 1, 4

Enfield, kockleman, Sidnell. Directions in the anthro of lang, Cambridge Handbook.

Gal, Susan. 2016. “Language and Political Economy: An Afterword.” HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 6 (3): 331–35. (For special section of HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory , titled “Language and Political Economy, Revisited” and based on a symposium timed to celebrate the twenty‐fifth anniversary of the publication of Susan Gal's [1989] influential article, “Language and Political Economy”).

Mooney and Evans. "Introduction," Language, Society, and Power: An Introduction, 2011. (brief intro to lang, multfunctionality, and power, including ideology and interpellation)

Related Films and Videos:

• Speaking in Tongues http://speakingintonguesfilm.info/, 2011 [immersion schools]
• Do You Speak American?  http://www.pbs.org/speak/, [white guy explores US]         https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOTzkejL7ks
• The Linguists

The Dangers of Miscommunication:

• Key and Peele: Text Message Confusion (Comedy Central)
• Hannah Stocking: Miscommunication (2017)
• The Expert (Comedy): Red Lines (2014)
• BBC: "Your Name, Sir?" (~1990s)

Mon Jan 29  Saussure and the Linguistic Sign

• READ: Saussure, Ferdinand de. pg 6-23, pg 65-78, in Course in general linguistics, edited by Saussy and Meisel, Columbia U Press. (c1959). (ereserve); NOTE: Do NOT use the Harris translation, 1986 or the Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye edition of Baskin, the pagination is different!
• READ: Yaguello, Marina. ch. 4-6, pp. 28-69. Language through the Looking Glass: Exploring Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998 (1981). (ereserve, bookstore, book reserve).
• Key Terms: Categories, Codes, Functions, Grammar, Particles, Repetition
  

In class: Assign research pairs
Share: Semester Project Guidelines, Course Research Guide

Wed Jan 31 Post-Sassurean Semiotics

• READ: Peirce, Charles Sanders. "What is a Sign?" (1894). in The Essential Peirce, Volume 2: Selected Philosophical Writings, 1893-1913, Indiana University Press, 1998. (ereserve)
• READ: Manning, Paul. Introduction (p. 1-29), The Semiotics of Drinks and Drinking. New York: Continuum, 2012. (ereserve).
• Key Terms: Functions, Indexicality, Iconicity, Reflexivity
  

In class: Peircean Sign Game
Slides: Saussure vs Peirce on Signs

Further Reading

Ahearn, Laura. Ch. 1-2, Living Language, 2016.

Culler, Jonathan. Ferdinand de Saussure. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986.

Gershon and Manning, Language and Media, Cambridge handbook of ling anth

Kockleman, Paul. linganth and critical theory [section on mediation]

Mooney and Evans. "Introduction," Language, Society, and Power: An Introduction, 2011. (brief intro to lang, multfunctionality, and power, including ideology and interpellation)

Stasch, Rupert. 2006 Structuralism in Anthropology. The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd edition, vol. 12, pp. 167-170. Oxford: Elsevier.

Yaguello, Marina. Ch. 1 What Language is for and Ch. 10 The House that Jack Built: Competence and Performance, in Language Through the Looking Glass.

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)

• Marxists.org (scroll down)
• Wikipedia

Related Films and Videos:

Seeking Meaning: Vocalizing Prosody, the Embodied Voice

• "The Wonder of the Human Voice," Fresh Air podcast, NPR, 2021
  We talk with 'New Yorker' writer John Colapinto, author of This Is the Voice, about how voices work, how they evolved in our prehistoric ancestors, how babies learn to vocalize words of their parents' languages so quickly, and what makes voices sexy or authoritative. Colapinto's own vocal injury led him to explore this subject.
• Youtube: Toddler has Babble conversation his Dad, Boston 2020
• Youtube: Toddler has Babble conversation with Grandfather, 2010

Seeking Meaning: Segmenting speech

• Youtube: Talking Cat, UK 2006
• Youtube: Talking Cat with English subtitles!
• Youtube: The Oh Long John Conspiracy
• "The Animals are Talking. What are They Saying?" New York Times Magazine, 2023

Hearing Signs, Sensing Differently

• The McGurk Effect (hearing what you see)
• Brainstorm vs Green Needle (hearing differently, hearing what you see)

The gap between written and spoken language

• I Love Lucy episode (Lucy tries to teach Ricky to read well in English)
• Key and Peele: Text Message Confusion (Comedy Central)

Phonemes and Accent

• Youtube: My Fair Lady (Rex Harrison schools Eliza on "proper" British pronunciation)

The Semiotics of Drinks and Drinking: Beer Commercials

• Miller Lite Man up 1 (2010): skirt
• Miller Lite Man up 2 (2010): purse
• Miller Lite Man up 3 (2014): scarf
• Miller Lite Man up 4 (2014): skinny jeans

WATCH: The Linguists, 65 mins, 2008 (Screen via Moodle) Content Notes: portrays graphic scene of live animal sacrifice during a ritual in Bolivia.

Mon Feb. 5 What is Linguistic Anthropological Research? What is Data?

• READ: Ahearn, Laura. ch. 3 The Research Process in Linguistic Anthropology, Living Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016. (18 pp). (Bookstore, book reserve, ereserve). Reading Guide: focus on p 52-59, 62-68
• READ: Bonvillain, Nancy. Outline of an Ethnography of Communication, Language, Culture and Communication: the Meaning of Messages, 2010(1994). (18 pp) (ereserve).
• READ: Elliott, Christian. Video conferencing and the limits of representability, Anthro{dendum} Blog, May 9, 2020 (online)
• READ: Dashiell, Steven. “I’m All I Wanna Be” – Video Self Presentation in the Age of COVID-19, The Geek Anthropologist Blog, July 15 2020. (online).
• Key Terms: Competence, Genre, Gesture, Narrative, Participation, Register, Space, Style, Turn
  

In-class: AV and Ethics Workshop
Share: Project Disclosure Letter: Public Meetings, Project Disclosure Letter: Volunteer, Fieldnotes Tips, Recording Tips, Fieldwork Proposal Guidelines

Wed Feb 7 Ethical Mediations: Researcher, Witness, Voyeur?

• READ: Ahearn, Laura. ch. 5 Language, Thought and Culture, Living Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016 (2nd edition). (Bookstore, book reserve, ereserve). Reading Guide: focus on pp 87-93, 110-116
• READ: Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Ch. 1 Introduction. Ethics and Anthropology: Ideas and Practice. Rowman and Littlefield, 2013. (16 pp) (ereserve). Reading Guide: focus on pp 1-4, pp 10-22
• Key Terms: Contact, Interview, Power, Reflexivity, Relativity, Truth
  

Further Reading

Agar, Michael. Ch.s 4-6, in Language Shock.

Black, Steven. Anthropological Ethics and the Communicative Affordances of Audio-Video Recorders in Ethnographic Fieldwork: Transduction as Theory. American Anthropologist, 4 January 2017.

Bonvillain, Nancy. (Chapters on Linguistic Anthropological analysis). in The Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology

Borneman, John and Abdellah Hammoudi, eds. Being There: The Fieldwork Encounter and the Making of Truth. Berkeley : University of California Press, 2009 . viii + 280 pp. [well-reviewed by Lambek in Ling anth journal; articles on power relations in institutions, state, ethnography of; is a critique of anthros fetishism of text and philosophy]

Briggs, Charles. Learning How to Ask. [This is still one of the best linguistic anthropology-informed guides to thoughtful and ethical fieldwork]

Cameron, Deborah. Elizabeth Frazer. Penelope Harvey. M.B.H. Rampton. and Kay Richardson, eds. Researching Language: Issues of Power and Method.  London/New York: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, 1992.148 pp.

Eckert, Penelope. "Sociolinguistics: making quantification meaningful." in the Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology.

Henze, Rosemary. "Crossing Over, Back, and Through: Reflections on the Use of Video in Ethnographic Research and in Social Change." Anthropology & Education Quarterly, Volume 47, Issue 3 . Same issue:

• Mariela Nuñez-Janes. When Ethnography Relates: Reflections on the Possibilities of Digital Storytelling
• Joke Dewilde and Angela Creese. Discursive Shadowing in Linguistic Ethnography. Situated Practices and Circulating Discourses in Multilingual Schools

Hill, Jane. "Expert Rhetorics" in Advocacy for Endangered Languages: Who Is Listening, and What Do They Hear? Journal of Linguistic Anthropology. Vol. 12, No. 2 (December 2002), pp. 119-133 

Howlett, Marnie. Looking at the ‘field’ through a Zoom lens: Methodological reflections on conducting online research during a global pandemic, 2022, Qualitative Research. Vol. 22(3) 387–
402. [I have pdf].

Jackson, John. (2010). “On Ethnographic Sincerity.” Current Anthropology 51:2.

Modan, Gabriella. Writing the Relationship: Ethnographer-Informant Interactions in the New Media Era Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Volume 26, Issue 1, May 2016, Pages: 98–107,

Mooney and Evans. "Introduction," in Mooney and Evans, eds., Language, Society and Power: an Introduction, 2011.

Narayan, Kiran (1993). “How Native is the Native Anthropologist?” American Anthropologist. Vol. 95:3, 671-686

Roberts, Celia and Srikant Sarangi. (ethics section of:) "The Dynamics of interactional and institutional orders in work-related settings," in Celia Roberts and Srikant Sarangi, eds., Talk, Work and Institutional Order: Discourse in Medical, Mediation and Management Settings (Language, Power and Social Process). Mouton de Gruyter, 1999

Ruby, Jay (1991). Speaking For, Speaking About, Speaking With, or Speaking Alongside - An Anthropological and Documentary Dilemna. Visual Anthropology Review, 7(2), pp. 50-67.

Sontag, Susan. Ch. 2, Regarding the Pain of Others. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 2003.

Ugoretz, Kaitlyn. Demystifying Remote Research in Anthropology and Area Studies. Asia Pacific Perspectives Vol 17(1), 2021. [I have pdf]

Utoft, et al. "A lack of mess? Advice on undertaking video-mediated participant observations," Journal of Organizational Ethnography, Vol. 11 No. 3, 2022: pp. 243-258. [I have pdf]

Related Links

Research Tools

• Schlegoff transcription module online
• Digital audio recorders for phones (Ling Anth blog)

Ethics
Professional Codes of Ethics

• American Anthropological Association 2012 Statement of Ethics
• American Anthropological Association Ethics Blog
• Linguistics Society of American Ethics Statement 2009

United States Law

• Video Voyeurism Prevention Act of 2004

Debates on Smartphone and Online Voyeurism

• Streamed tragedy (The Conversation.com)
• In Lyon case, ‘video voyeurism’ raises uncomfortable questions, Sacramento Bee, 2015
• The Daily Beast outs Gay Athletes, New York Times, 2016.

Language, Power, and Communicative Competence

Key and Peele: Awkward Conversation (Comedy Central 2015) (conversational implication, keys)

Key and Peele: Substitute Teacher (Comedy Central 2012) (forms of address)

St. Taiwo Comedy: The Way Yoruba People Greet their Parent (Young Nigerian comedian 2016) (Greeting routines)

BBC Two The Mash Report (Comedy): Northerner Terrifies Londoners by Saying "Hello" (2016) (Greeting routines)

Talking Cats? Kitten Filter During a Zoom Court Hearing (Youtube, 2021) (self-curation, formal vs informal event, seriousness)

WATCH: Sorry to Bother you, Boots Riley, dir., 2 hours, 2018 (Screen via Moodle) **Content notes: fast-moving horror/fantasy film, some scenes edited for sensory shock value (because it is through the eyes of the protagonist), some graphic scenes of beatings, police violence).

Mon Feb 12 Interaction, Institutions and Communities

• READ: Goffman, Erving. "Footing," Forms of talk, pp. 125-157, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. (ereserve). Reading Guide: Focus: pp. 124-140, Skim: pp. 141-143, Focus: pp 144-152, Skim: pp. 153-156, Focus: pp 156 (Section XI, conclusion)-157.
• READ: Ahearn, Laura. "Goffman's Participation Framework and Production Format," Ch. 1, Living Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016 (3rd edition). Reading Guide: pp 36-37 ONLY.
• READ: Morgan, Marcyliena. (Ch. 1, What is a Speech Community), and Ch. 2, Representing Speech Communities) (p. 1-35), in Speech Communities. Cambridge University Press, 2014. (ereserve).
• Key Terms: Competence, Community, Control, Intentionality, Participation, Style, Variation

Wed Feb 14 Inference, Codeswitching and Multilingualism

• READ: Gumperz. "Conversational code switching," Discourse strategies, pp. 59-98, Cambridge University Press, 1982. (ereserve). Reading Guide: Focus: pp. 59-75, Choose ONE of the situations/examples discussed pp 73-84 to focus on. Skim the other two.
  
• READ: Jacquemet, Marco. Transidioma and Asylum: Gumperz's Legacy in Intercultural Institutional Talk, Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Volume 23, Issue 3, December 2013: 199–212. (ereserve)
• Key Terms: Conflict, Expert, Inference, Heteroglossia, Interview, Crossing, Switching, Voice, Power

In class: Transcription workshop

Extra Credit: Groups' joint practice transcription due Friday Feb 16, midnight, upload to Moodle

Further Reading

Ahearn, Laura. Communities of Language Users, in Living Language. [says Communities of practice is an alternative to notion of speech communities]

Briggs, Charles. Learning How to Ask. [on interview genre, a key theme in institutional power relations analyses].

Faircough, N. (2014). Language and Power. Routledge.

Gal, Susan. JLA. John J. Gumperz’s Discourse Strategies http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jola.12023/pdf

Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics (GURT) 2000: Linguistics, Language, and the Professions: Education, Law, Medicine, and Technology. James E. Alatis, Heidi E. Hamilton, and Ai-Hui Tan, eds. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2000. vi + 279 pp. [reviewed well by Wolfgram, J. Ling Anth; focus on applied ling]

Gerhardt, Eisenlauer, and Frobenius. “Participation Framework Revisited: (New) Media and their Audiences/Users” Journal of Pragmatics, volume 72. 2014

Lakoff, Robin Tolmach. Talking Power: The Politics of Language. New York: Basic Books, 1990.

McGill, Kenneth. Political Economy and Language: A Review of Some Recent Literature, Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Volume 23, Issue 2, August 2013, Pages: E84–E101,  [nice overview of key terms]

Mooney and Evans, eds., Language, Society and Power: an Introduction, 2011.

Morgan, Marcyliena. Community. Key terms in Culture and Language.

Roberts, Celia and Srikant Sarangi. "The Dynamics of interactional and institutional orders in work-related settings," (excerpt), in Celia Roberts and Srikant Sarangi, eds., Talk, Work and Institutional Order: Discourse in Medical, Mediation and Management Settings (Language, Power and Social Process). Mouton de Gruyter, 1999. [40 pgs, but overview of relevant methods, addresses Goffman interaction order, ethics, lists variety of methods and debates] (40 pages; too long and dry; adds instit. order to Goffman's interaction order)

Smith, Greg. Erving Goffman.

Links

Hodges, Adam. "How Plausibly Deniable is It?" (click view pdf). Anthropology News, 2017. [On Trump's embodied discourse strategies and indexicality]

• "metapragmatic attack" (Jacquemet): Trump's imitation of a disabled reporter (Nov 2015, CNN)

Related Films and Videos

Hark the Sound of Dialect Diversity at UNC (Youtube, 2017)
Their description: This video was created as part of an initiative supported by Thrive@Carolina that seeks to explore and promote dialect diversity and awareness on UNC’s campus. Carolina's campus is home to a linguistically diverse population of students hailing from various dialect-rich regions of North Carolina, other states within the US, and from foreign countries. Dialects are an important part of each student’s individual identity and should be welcomed rather than discouraged in higher-level education.

The Sound of Diversity Initiative promotes the idea that, while linguistic standards are important, the process of creating those standards and the rationale behind it are often misunderstood or misapplied in ways that lead to unnecessary prejudice against and alienation of speakers of non-standard dialects and, hence, hinder their success.

Find out more at SoundOfDiversity.web.unc.edu.

Code-Switching

• Key and Peele: The Phone Call (Comedy Central)
• Key and Peele: Obama Code-switches (Comedy Central)
• Key and Peele discuss code switching for their audience (Comedy Central 2012)
• Everyday Struggle: Switching Codes for Survival (Harold Wallace Ted Talk 2018)
• Code Switching (short documentary on African American language practices from Language & Life Project 2017)
• 21 Accents (an actor demonstrates her command of accents)
• Jamila Lyiscott – 3 Ways to Speak English (Ted Talk, Feb 2014)
  Jamila Lyiscott is a “tri-tongued orator;” in her powerful spoken-word essay “Broken English,” she celebrates — and challenges — the three distinct flavors of English she speaks with her friends, in the classroom and with her parents. As she explores the complicated history and present-day identity that each language represents, she unpacks what it means to be “articulate.”
• People Around the World Try an American Accent (Buzzfeed, 2015).

Framing

• Key and Peele: Ok (Comedy Central)
• Key and Peele: Text Message Confusion (Comedy Central)

WATCH: The E-Word: Ebonics, Race, and Language Politics, 69 mins, 2015 (Screen via Moodle)

Mon Feb 19: Linguistic Anthropological Approaches to Race

• READ: Alim, H. Samy. "Introducing Raciolinguistics" (p. 1-7), in H. Samy Alim, John R. Rickford, and Arnetha F. Ball, eds., Raciolinguistics: How Language Shapes Our Ideas About Race, Oxford University Press, 2016. (Bookstore, book reserve, ereserve).
• READ: Ahearn, Laura: Ch 11, "Language, Race and Ethnicity" Living Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016. (Bookstore, book reserve, ereserve)
• READ: Hill, Jane. Ch. 2 "Language in White Racism: An Overview, " The Everyday Language of White Racism. Chichester, U.K.; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. (ereserve). Reading Guide: Focus: pp 31-38, Skim: pp 38-41, Focus: pp. 41-44, Skim: pp 44-48 (what's a slur vs a gaffe?)
  
• Key Terms: Conflict, Ideology, Identity, Power, Style, Register, Variation

Wed Feb 21: Language and Race in the U.S.

• READ: Smalls, Krystal and Jenny Davis. Ch. 31 "Language and Racism," A New Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, First Edition. Edited by Alessandro Duranti, Rachel George, and Robin Conley Riner, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2023. (13 pp). (ereserve)
• READ: Hodges, Adam. "Hunting for “Racists”: Tape Fetishism and the Intertextual Enactment and Reproduction of the Dominant Understanding of Racism in US Society," Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Volume 26, Issue 1, May 2016: 26–40. (ereserve)
• Key Terms: Conflict, Ideology, Identity, Intentionality, Media, Power, Register, Style, Truth

Further Reading

Alim, H. Samy. 2004. You Know My Steez: An Ethnographic and Sociolinguistic Study of Styleshifting in a Black American Speech Community. Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press, 303 pgs.

Alim, H. Samy, Awad Ibrahim & Alastair Pennycook. (eds.) 2009. Global Linguistic Flows: Hip Hop Cultures, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language. London & New York: Routledge.

Alim, H. Samy and John Baugh. (eds.) 2007. Talkin Black Talk: Language, Education and Social Change. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University. 176 pgs.

Alim, H. Samy. 2006. Roc the Mic Right: The Language of Hip Hop Culture. London & New York: Routledge, 208 pgs.

Alim, H. Samy and Geneva Smitherman. 2012. “A.W.B. (Articulate While Black): Language and and Racial Politics in the United States,” Pp. 31-63 (Chapt. 2), and, “Change the Game: Language, Education, and the Cruel Fallout of Racism” Pp. 167-197 (Chapt. 6). IN Articulate While Black: Barack Obama, Language, and Race in The U.S. Oxford University Press.

Alim, H. Samy, John R. Rickford, and Arnetha F. Ball. Raciolinguistics: How Language Shapes Our Ideas About Race, OUP, 2016.

Auston, Donna. January 16, 2015. “Recalled to Life: On the Meaning and Power of a Die-In Posted.” Anthropology Now.

Auston, Donna. 2016. OTG 3: Finding Black Death on a Quiet Hilltop (On The Ground series). Anthropology News.

Barrett, Rusty. Competing functions of Spanish in an Anglo-owned Mexican restaurant [refers to Hill on Mock Spanish].

Bonilla, Yarimar, and Jonathan Rosa. 2015.  #Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist. (includes links to supplemental materials)

Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2003. Racism without Racists: Color-blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield.

Bucholtz, M. (2011). White kids: Language, race, and styles of youth identities. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Chun, Ellen. The Meaning of Ching Chong. in Raciolinguistics: How Language Shapes Our Ideas About Race, OUP, 2016.

Chun, article on uses of AAVE by Korean American males

Davis, J. L., & Smalls, K. A. (2021). Dis/possession Afoot: American (Anthropological) Traditions of Anti‐Blackness and Coloniality. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 31(2), 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12327

Harris, R., & Rampton, B. (Eds.). (2003). The language, ethnicity, and race reader. New York, NY: Taylor Francis Routledge. (includes Sapir and Whorf, Rickord, Eckert, etc., pretty dated)

Faye V. Harrison, American Anthropologist 1998, “Expanding the Discourse on Race”

Hodges, Adam. 2015. Ideologies of Language and Race in US Media Discourse about the Trayvon Martin Shooting. Language in Society 44 (3): 401–423.

Kroskrity, Paul. "Covert Linguistic Racisms and the (Re-)Production of White Supremacy," J. of Linguistic Anthropology, 2021.

Leonard, Wesley. Toward an Anti-Racist Linguistic Anthropology: An Indigenous Response to White Supremacy, J. of Linguistic Anthropology, 2021.

Lippi-Green, Rosina. English with an Accent: Language, Ideology, and Discrimination in the United States. Taylor and Francis, 2011. [Chapters on AAL and the Oakland Ebonics debates].

Lo, Adrienne. Suddenly Faced with a Chinese Village: The Linguistic Racialization of Asian Americans, in Raciolinguistics: How Language Shapes Our Ideas About Race, OUP, 2016.

Lo, Adrienne, and Elaine Chun, 'Language, Race, and Reflexivity: A View from Linguistic Anthropology', in H. Samy Alim, Angela Reyes, and Paul V. Kroskrity (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Language and Race, 2020.

Makoni, Sinfree. Black Linguistics: Language, Society, and Politics in Africa and the Americas, 2003. (ch. by John Baugh, Linguistic profiling).

Stephen May. Linguistic racism: Origins and implications, Ethnicities 2023 23:5, 651-661

Mendoza-Denton, N. (2008). Homegirls: Language and cultural practices among Latina youth gangs. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.

Morgan, Marcyliena. The African-American Speech Community, in Speech Communities

Reyes, Angela and Adrienne Lo (eds.). (2009). Beyond Yellow English: Toward a Linguistic Anthropology of Asian Pacific America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Rosa, Jonathan, and Nelson Flores, 'Reimagining Race and Language: From Raciolinguistic Ideologies to a Raciolinguistic Perspective', in H. Samy Alim, Angela Reyes, and Paul V. Kroskrity (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Language and Race, 2020; online edn, Oxford Academic. (11 pages). (ebook)

Rosa, Jonathan, and Yarimar Bonilla. 2017. “Deprovincializing Trump, Decolonizing Diversity, and Unsettling Anthropology.” American Ethnologist 44 (2): 1–8.

Slobe, Tyanna. 2016. Creepy-Ass Cracker in post-racial America: Don West’s examination of Rachel Jeantel in the George Zimmerman murder trial. Text & Talk 36(5): 613-635.

Spears, A. K., & Rosa, J. (2021). Introduction: Language and White Supremacy. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 31(2), 152-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12329

Spears, Arthur. "White Supremacy and Antiblackness: Theory and Lived Experience," Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 2021. (19 pp). [great for delving deeper into the history!]

Smitherman, Geneva. (2000). Talkin That Talk: Language, Culture, and Education in African  America. New York, NY: Taylor Francis Routledge.

Spady, James G., H. Samy Alim and Samir Meghelli. 2006. Tha Global Cipha: Hip Hop Culture and Consciousness. Philadelphia, PA: Black History Museum, 704 pgs.

Urciuoli, “Language Diversity in the United States”

Wiley and Lukes, “English-Only and Standard English Language Ideologies in the U.S.”

Zentella, “Returned migration, language, and identity: Puerto Rican bilinguals in dos worlds/two mundos.

Language Policy and Racialized Education

Alim and Baugh, selections from Talkin Black Talk (on education).

Alim, H. Samy and Geneva Smitherman. “Change the Game: Language, Education, and the Cruel Fallout of Racism” Pp. 167-197 (Chapt. 6). In Articulate While Black: Barack Obama, Language, and Race in The U.S. Oxford University Press. 2012.

Alim, Samy et al. Raciolinguistics section on language, race, education in the US, 2016.

• Paris, It Was a Black City, . In Alim et al, eds. Raciolinguistics, 2016.

Avineri et al. Invited Forum: Bridging the “Language Gap,” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology. Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 66–86, 2015.

Davis, Christina P. “Is Jaffna Tamil the Best?” Producing “Legitimate” Language in a Multilingual Sri Lankan School. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Volume 22, Issue 2, August 2012, Pages: E61–E82,

Diaz Soto, Lourdes. Language, Culture, and Power: Bilingual Families and the Struggle for Quality Education, SUNY 1996.

Edelsky 1981,

Heath 1983

Hill, Jane. "Expert Rhetorics" in Advocacy for Endangered Languages: Who Is Listening, and What Do They Hear? Journal of Linguistic Anthropology. Vol. 12, No. 2 (December 2002), pp. 119-133 

Johnson, Eric (one of the group doing language and social justice volume)

• Johnson, E.J. (2015). Debunking the “language gap”. Journal for Multicultural Education, 9(1), 42-50.
• Johnson, E.J. (2014). (Re)Categorizing language-minority literacies in restrictive educational contexts. International Multilingual Research Journal, 8(3), 167-188.
• Johnson, E.J., & Castrellon, T. (2014). Recoding discourses in higher education: Critical views on recruiting materials for Latin@ college students. Journal of Latinos and Education, 13(3), 166-180.
• Johnson, E.J. (2014). From the classroom to the living room: Eroding academic inequities through home visits. Journal of School Leadership, 24(2), 357-385.
• Johnson, E.J., & Johnson, D.C. (2015).  Language policy in Arizona and Washington State. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 18(1), 92-112.DOI: 10.1080/13670050.2014.882288.
• Johnson, D.C., & Johnson, E.J. (2014). Power and agency in language policy appropriation. Language Policy, 13(3), DOI 10.1007/s10993-014-9333-z
• Blum, A., & Johnson, E.J. (2012). Reading repression: Textualizing the linguistic marginalization of non-native English speaking teachers in Arizona. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 11(3), 167-184.
• Johnson, E.J. (2012). Arbitrating repression: Language policy and education in Arizona. Language and Education, 26(1), 53-76.
• Johnson, E.J. (2011). (Re)producing linguistic hierarchies in the United States: Language ideologies of function and form in public schools. International Journal of Linguistics, 3(1), E12.
• Johnson, E.J.  (2011). Peerlingual education: A socioeducational reaction to structured English immersion. Journal of Latinos and Education, 10(2), 127-145.
• Johnson, E.J. (2009). (Re)defining freedom of speech: Language policy, education, and linguistic rights in the United States. Journal of Applied Language Studies, 3(1), 2-23.
• Johnson, E.J., & Brandt, E.A. (2009). Targeting diversity: A critical description of language policy and public education in the United States. Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy, 21, 59-68.
• Johnson, E.J. (2006). Dreams of (under)achievement: A critical metaphor analysis of the American dream and the formation of language policy in Arizona. Journal of Borderland Education, 1(1), 11-28.
• Johnson, E.J. (2006). Trans-cultural bilingualism and second language acquisition: Understanding the sociolinguistic effects of international tourism on host communities. Arizona Anthropologist, 17, 1-40.
• Johnson, E.J. (2005). WAR in the media: Metaphors, ideology, and the formation of language policy. Bilingual Research Journal, 29(3), 621-640.
• Johnson, E.J. (2005). Proposition 203: A critical metaphor analysis. Bilingual Research Journal, 29(1), 69-84.

Chaise LaDousa, On Mother and Other Tongues: Sociolinguistics, Schools, and Language Ideology in Northern India. in Blum volume.

McCarty, T. L. "Entry into Conversation: Introducing Ethnography and Language Policy," in McCarty, ed., Ethnography and language policy. New York: Routledge, 2011. (15 pp). (book reserve, ereserve)

Muehlman, Shaylah. “Spread your ass cheeks”: And other things that should not be said in indigenous languages, in AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 34–48, 2008. (ereserve). (10 pg) (ereserve).

Mehan. The Construction of an LD Student: A Case Study in the Politics of Representation. in Natural Histories of Discourse [nice discussion of representations of persons and subjects]

Mendoza-Denton on latino youth?

Moore, Leslie C. (2008) Body, text, and talk in Maroua Fulbe Qur’anic schooling.  Text & Talk 28(5): 643–665.

Nicholas, Sheilah. "How Are You Hopi if You Can't Speak It?" An Ethnographic Study of Language as Cultural Practice among Contemporary Hopi Youth, in in McCarty, ed., Ethnography and language policy. New York: Routledge, 2011. (p. 54-73) (ereserve).

Philips, Susan. Participant structures: Warm Springs children in community/classroom, in Duranti, ed. Linguistic Anthropology Reader.

Rampton on crossing

Smitherman, Geneva. Talkin That Talk: Language, Culture, and Education in African America. New York, NY: Taylor Francis Routledge, 2000.

Stocker K. 2003. “Ellos se comen las eses/heces: Perceived Language differences of Matambu.” Wortham S, Rymes B, eds. 2003. Linguistic Anthropology of Education.Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 185–211.

Wortham, Stanton. Linguistic Anthropology of Education. Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 37, Issue 1, 2008, pages 37-51. (ereserve)

Wortham S, Rymes B, eds. 2003. Linguistic Anthropology of Education. Westport, CT: Praeger

Links

The Politics of "Standard" English

• "How to Speak Bad English," Rough Translation podcast, NPR, April 2021

Resources on African American Language

• Online Resources for African Amercan Language (ORAAL, based at the University of Oregon, has huge corpus of oral data)
• Digital Blackface (New York Times Vlog "Internetting with Amanda Hess") discusses the widespread use of "imagined Black English" online by white people.

Linguistic Profiling: John Baugh's Research on AAL and Phone Profiling

• Linguistic Profiling. The Black Commentator Blog, 2002.
  Baugh made 100s of phone calls responding to ads to rent apartments. He found that his "Black" voice got half as many calls back as his "White" voice, even if he was speaking in his "Black" voice with "standard" English grammar.
• Baugh, John. "SWB (Speaking while Black): Linguistic Profiling and Discrimination Based on Speech as a Surrogate for Race against Speakers of African American Vernacular English," Oxford Handbook of African American Language, 2015.
  
• John Baugh TedTalk, "The Significance of Linguistic Profiling," 2019.
  

Linguistic Ideologies and Race: Trump's Feb 2017 Press Conference and Black Woman Reporter April Ryan

• The press conference interaction between Trump and Ryan (Youtube)
• The Lowest Moment of Trump's Press Conference (Vox)
• Outrage after Trump asks Reporter to 'set up' a meeting with Congressional Black Caucus (BET.com)
• They Friends of Your's? (Washington Post)
• Trump Presser Reaction (Rush Limbaugh on April Ryan and Trump)

The Shooting Death of Trayvon Martin and the Trial of George Zimmerman (2012)

• The Zimmerman Trail, day by day (NYT)
• Trayvon Martin and the Irony of American Justice (Ta-Nehisi Coates, The Atlantic)
• The Facts in the Zimmerman Trial (The New Yorker)
• Rachel Jeantel on Trial (The New Yorker)
• CNN Anderson Cooper 360 show on the Zimmerman tape 2012 (analyzed by Hodges)

Black Lives Matter Resources

• The Black Lives Matter Syllabus (Prof. Frank Leon Roberts, NYU 2016)
• The Black Lives Matter Syllabus Project (Anthropoliteia Blog, from Anthro perspective)

Related Films and Videos

The Language Politics of AAL

• American Fiction 2023 award-winning feature film. Cord Jefferson's hilarious directorial debut, which confronts our culture’s obsession with reducing people to outrageous stereotypes. Jeffrey Wright stars as Monk, a frustrated novelist who’s fed up with the establishment profiting from “Black” entertainment that relies on tired and offensive tropes. To prove his point, Monk uses a pen name to write an outlandish “Black” book of his own, a book that propels him to the heart of hypocrisy and the madness he claims to disdain.
• Do You Speak American?" 2005 PBS documentary [Episode 1, 39:32  John baugh on ling profiling, Episode 3 clip on LA schools and issue of AAL and multilingualism.
• African American Language in North Carolina [segment of a film from the Language and Life project], 2008.
• Portraying African American Language in Disney's 1941 Dumbo: the Crows (Youtube); and The Crows, lead by Jim Crow, sing about Dumbo (Jim Crow voiced by white actor Cliff Edwards, other actors and singers were Black; Youtube)
• Chris Rock stand up on Colin Powell [mentioned by Alim and Smitherman]
• Biden's comments on Obama as "articulate" and "clean" [Jesse Jackson calls it an unintentional "gaffe", NBC 2008]
• Jamila Lyiscott – 3 Ways to Speak English (Ted Talk, Feb 2014)
  Jamila Lyiscott is a “tri-tongued orator;” in her powerful spoken-word essay “Broken English,” she celebrates — and challenges — the three distinct flavors of English she speaks with her friends, in the classroom and with her parents. As she explores the complicated history and present-day identity that each language represents, she unpacks what it means to be “articulate.”
• Interview with Jamila Lysicott about her spoken word essay "Broken English" (NPR)
• Rickford, John. 2016. Linguistic Society of America 2016 Annual Meeting Presidential Address (video). Language and Linguistics on Trial: Hearing Vernacular Speakers in Courtrooms and Beyond [on Trayvon Martin trial, race]

WATCH: The Codes of Gender (72 mins), Sut Jhally, 2010 (Screen via Moodle)
Content Notes: mainstream commercial image and filmic representations and suggestions of gender and sexual violence

Mon Feb 26  Linguistic Anthropological Approaches to Sex/Gender/Sexuality

• READ: Ahearn, Laura: Ch 10, "Language and Gender" Living Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016. (Bookstore, book reserve, ereserve).
• READ: Milani, Tommaso M. "Theorizing Language and Masculinities", Language and Masculinities: Performances, Intersections, Dislocations, 2014. (ereserve).
• Key Terms: Act, Body, Brain, Evolution, Gender, Identity, Indexicality, Performativity, Power, Socialization, Voice

Share: Fieldnotes description workshop prep
             Tips on Writing Fieldnotes

Wed Feb 28 Intersectionalities: Language, Gender/Sexuality and Power

• READ: Morgan, Marcyliena. "When and where we enter: Social context and desire in women’s discourse," Gender & Language . 2007, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p119-129. (ereserve) (10 pp).
• READ: Slobe, Tyana. Style, stance, and social meaning in mock white girl. Language in Society 47, 541–567. (ereserve).
• Key Terms: Agency, Conflict, Control, Inference, Power
  

In class: Fieldnotes description workshop
                Tips on Writing Fieldnotes

Extra Credit: Research pairs' joint Fieldnotes Description due Friday Mar 1, midnight, upload to Moodle

Further Reading

Links

Theory

• Igala: Language, Gender, and Sexuality Website of the International Gender and Language Association
• Bibliography of Gender and Language:
  Part of Professor Harold S. Schiffman’s website at U Penn, the Bibliography of Gender and Language provides a sizable list of books and journal articles from a wide variety of sources.[note that this extensive bibliography seems to indicate an overwhelming focus on English language and U.S. and European contexts].
• Bibliography on LGBTQ Language:
  Compiled by Gregory Ward, professor of linguistics at Northwestern University, this bibliography provides resources for the study of language use by and about gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people. [note that this extensive bibliography seems to indicate an overwhelming focus on English language and U.S. and European contexts].

Social Media Debates about Gendered? Language and "Mock White Girl" persona (eg, "upspeak" or "uptalk" and "vocal fry" or tag questions)

• Taylor Mali performance "Totality Like Whatever, You Know?" (2010, this performance by white male verbal artist and former president of Slam Poetry, Inc., was widely debated in the slam poetry community).
• Melissa Lozada-Oliva performance, "Like Totally Whatever" (NPS, 2015, this performance is a response to Mali's performance 5 years earlier).
• Naomi Wolf, "Young Women, give up the Vocal Fry and Reclaim your Strong Female Voice," The Guardian 2015 (article by famous feminist that sparked a media firestorm of responses).
• Vocal Fry: an Attack on Women?" (CBC News, 2015)
• "What's Up with Upspeak?" Yana Skorobogatov gives linguistic background on this much-debated phenomenon (Berkeley Research Streams blog, 2015)
• "Can't we Just Shut up About Women's Voices?" (Mashable blog on phenomenon of women-presenting people being scrutinized and criticized for uptalk and vocal fry, 2018).
• "California: You can Fry if You Want to," (a woman student interviews other students on Berkeley campus what they think of gendered speech habits, 2015).
• Lake Bell performs MWG on Conan O'Brien show, 2013 [starting 1:36, analyzed by Slobe; check out the comments too!]
• Shit White Girls say to...Black Girls, 2012 [viral video by Franchesca Ramsey, analyzed by Slobe]
• Franchesca Ramsey appears on Anderson Cooper, Audience Q & A shows White women's responses and Franchesca's responses to them; She also responds in the comments, 2012.
• Teenage Girl Problems Compilation from Vine by Brandon Calvillo, Youtube 2015. [analyzed by Slobe]

Gender Pronouns

• Bennett, Jessica. She? Ze? They? What’s In a Gender Pronoun? NYT, Jan 2016
• Braw, Elizabeth. "The Three letter word driving a gender revolution," Newsweek, 2014.
• blog post: Dennis Baron. "The gender-neutral pronoun: 150 years later, still an epic fail," OUP blog 2010.

Transgender Voicing [the majority of top hits on Youtube for "transgender and voice" are white transwomen]

• Kulick, Don. "Transgender and Language," in GlQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 5(4), 1999: 605-622. Kulick Online:http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9360885&db=aph&tg=AN
• "Finding Your Female Voice" 2006 (Youtube promo clip)
• "Developing a Female Voice" 2008 (Youtube vlog)
• "Transgender and Transsexual voice tip" 2011 (Youtube promo); voice transition as a "science"
• "Transgender voice feminization" 2015 (Youtube promo)
• "FTM transgender: 3.5 years on T voice comparison" 2015 (Youtube)

• https://languageandlife.org/documentaries/talking-black-in-america/

Gender and Communication: Male-Female differences in language and nonverbal behavior, 42 min, 2001.
This video explores the impact that gender has on both verbal messages including speech, language, and vocabulary, as well as on nonverbal channels of communication such as touch, movement, and gesture.

The Codes of Gender
Written and directed by Media Education Foundation Executive Director Sut Jhally, The Codes of Gender applies the late sociologist Erving Goffman's groundbreaking analysis of advertising to the contemporary commercial landscape, showing how one of American popular culture's most influential forms communicates normative ideas about masculinity and femininity.

In striking visual detail, The Codes of Gender explores Goffman's central claim that gender ideals are the result of ritualized cultural performance, uncovering a remarkable pattern of masculine and feminine displays and poses.

It looks beyond advertising as a medium that simply sells products, and beyond analyses of gender that focus on biological difference or issues of objectification and beauty, to provide a clear-eyed view of the two-tiered terrain of identity and power relations.

Mon Mar 4 Language and Class in Communities of Practice

• READ: Eckert, Penelope. "Communities of Practice," Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier, 2006. (ereserve).
• READ: Shankar, Shalini. Introduction and ch. 4 "Fashions of Speaking," Desi Land: Teen Culture, Class and Success in Silicon Valley. Duke University Press, 2008. (book reserve, bookstore, ereserve)
• Key Terms: Control, Expert, Literacy, Power, Register, Socialization, Style

In class: Assign discussion facilitator groups
Leading a Good Discussion guidelines

Wed Mar 6 Break day (rest! attend a meeting, or work on your commentaries)

Further Reading

- Ohmann (1982) “Reflections on Class and Language” (I have pdf)

-Cameron, Deborah (2000) Styling the Worker: Gender and the Commodification of Language in the Globalized Service Economy.  Journal of Sociolinguistics 4(3):323-347.

            -Language Gap forum/educ/class (ling anth journal 2015, I have pdf)

            -In Blum volume: Benjamin Bailey, Communication of Respect in Interethnic Service Encounters

 Mooney and Evans. "Language, Class, and Social Capital," in Language, Society and Power: an Introduction, 2015.

Language and Class in Minority Education
James Collins

Anthro and Education Quarterly

    First published: December 1988Full publication history
    DOI: 10.1525/aeq.1988.19.4.05x0914d

    Thoroughly Mixed Yet Thoroughly Ethnic: Indexing Class with Ethnonyms

    Authors:
        Andrea L. Smith, Anna Eisenstein
        Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
    First Published:
        August 2013

        Full Text (HTML) PDF (191K)    References    
    A Place to Stand: Politics and Persuasion in a Working‐Class Bar.

    Authors:
        AARON A. FOX
        Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
    First Published:
        December 2004



    Authors:
        KITANA ANANDA
        Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
    First Published:
        15 April 2011

        Full Text (HTML) PDF (151K)    
    Youth Language, Gaul Sociability, and the New Indonesian Middle Class

    Authors:
        Nancy J. Smith‐Hefner
        Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
    First Published:
        December 2007

        PDF (129K)    References    
    Book Review
    Hindi Is Our Ground, English Is Our Sky: Education, Language, and Social Class in Contemporary India – By Chaise LaDousa

    Authors:
        Constantine V. Nakassis
        Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
    First Published:
        11 December 2015

        Full Text (HTML) PDF (197K)    
    Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class.

    Authors:
        Richard J. Parmentier
        Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
    First Published:
        June 1998

        PDF (311K)    
    Rules Versus Relationships: The Ethnography of Legal Discourse and Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness Among Working‐Class Americans

    Authors:
        Andrew Arno
        Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
    First Published:
        December 1992

        PDF (357K)    

• Thoroughly Mixed Yet Thoroughly Ethnic: Indexing Class with Ethnonyms
• Andrea L. Smith
• Anna Eisenstein
• Journal of Linguistic AnthropologyVolume 23, Issue 2
• First published: 18 September 2013 [doesn't quite thematize class enough; though could for links back to indexicality and intersectional focus; will build on previous race stuff]
• A Place to Stand: Politics and Persuasion in a Working‐Class Bar.
• AARON A. FOX
• Journal of Linguistic AnthropologyVolume 14, Issue 2
• Youth Language, Gaul Sociability, and the New Indonesian Middle Class
• Nancy J. Smith‐Hefner
• Journal of Linguistic AnthropologyVolume 17, Issue 2
• First published: 28 June 2008
•  

Related Links

Class Matters (2005 NYT special section on class in the U.S.)

How Class Works (2005 NYT graphic based on U.S. data, including nationwide polls. Allows you to visualize where you are positioned economically and in terms of prestige). NOTE: income inequality in the U.S. and elsewhere has increased in the past decade.

U.S. inequality keeps getting uglier. (CNN 2016, short film, plus text and graphics). Note: this is an account from the perspective of U.S. economists, not progressive activists.

The Year in Inequality in Ten Charts. (inequality.org, up to 2021)

Income Inequality in the U.S. (multiple charts, inequality.org, up to 2021)

Inequality and Philanthropy "The growing concentration of wealth and power is distorting philanthropy, which is meant to serve the common good." (inequality.org, up to 2021)

Related Films and Videos

Class and Prestige Varieties

Codeswitching and Social Class (Video made by Georgetown students) (Youtube 2013)

Social Class with Charlie Higson--Language of Comedy (Open University 2014)

Kevin Skinner on America's Got Talent (2009) (Skinner grew up just west of Mayfield, KY and speaks a version of "mountain talk")

Mountain Talk (a film by the North Caroline Language and Life Project, on Southern Appalachia; has excerpts on these varieties of English)

Appalachian Mountain Music – Ballad-keeper Mary Jane Queen and her family carry on the traditions and traditional music of Southern Appalachia (a film by the North Caroline Language and Life Project, on Southern Appalachia; has excerpts on these varieties of English)

My Fair Lady: Why Can't the English

My Fair Lady: The Rain in Spain

The Simpson's Apu Character (Voiced by white actor Hank Azaria) and Related Debates about Portrayals of Indian Accents

Best of Apu Nahasapapeemapetilon (Youtube)

The Problem with Apu (Documentary trailer, by Hari Kondabolu, July 2017)

Comedian Hari Kondabolu on his Documentary "The Problem with Apu" (PBS Newshour, 2017)

Hank Azaria: The Right Thing to do with Apu (Stephen Colbert, 2018)

Russell Peters on Indian Accent (Indian-Canadian comedian, 2008)

American Desi (2001 Feature film about California "Desi's" mentioned and critiqued in Shankar)

Linguistic ideologies in action: Accent Neutralization for Indian Speakers (ad for a company, 2014)

WATCH: Lead me Home. Pedro Kos and Jon Shenk, directors, Netflix and Actual Films, 2021, (Screen via Moodle). 39 min.

Mon Mar 18 Policy and Rhetorics of Homelessness on the West Coast

• READ: Urla, Jacqueline. "Governmentality and Language," Annual Review of Anthropology, 2019 48:1, 261-278. (12 pp). (ereserve) Reading Guide: READ: p. 262-267, SKIM sections (read 1st paragraph): "Education," "Neoliberalism as Covert English...," and "Labor," READ: p 270 bottom-271, "Ethnography of Linguistic Gov..."
  
• READ: Gowan, Theresa. Ch 2 Managing Homelessness in the US, Hobos, Hustlers, and Backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco, 2010. (30 pp). (ereserve)
• READ: Margier, Antonin. (2023) The compassionate invisibilization of homelessness: where revanchist and supportive city policies meet, Urban Geography, 44:1, 178-197 (ereserve)
• REFERENCE: A Brief Timeline of Race and Homelessness in America, 2019. Community Solutions (online)
• Key Terms: Control, Expert, Ideology, Identity, Oratory, Power

Wed Mar 20 Short Presentations and Research Partner meetings (in class)

• We will use this time for brief presentations on your projects from each research pair (3-5 minutes) and then for research partners to meet, discuss their research schedules, make plans for next steps, brainstorm about avenues for analysis, and consult with me.

Research pairs should have at least one recording (a meeting, an interview) by now.        

Research pairs upload at least one audio or video clip (up to 5 min) to their Google Drive Project Folder (Section 01 here) (Section 02 here), by Friday Mar 21, midnight.

Further Reading 

The Histories and (Language) Politics of Houselessness in the U.S.

Matthew B. Anderson, Elijah C. Hansen, Zachary Arms & Stephen G. Tsikalas (2022) Class monopoly rent, property relations, and Portland's homeless crisis, Urban Geography, 43:2, 252-271, DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2020.1847937

Anderson et al Compassionate Revanchism, 2023, (mostly about Spokane, but does partially model the critique of public discourse).

Carr, Summerson. Qualifying the Qualitative Social Work Interview: A Linguistic Anthropological Approach, Vol 10(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325009359

As a methodological proposal, this article proposes an approach to interview analysis that connects the content of interview data with (1) the immediate context of the interview, (2) the way context emerges and changes during an interview, (3) the relationship between the interviewee, the interviewer, and other less immediate parties who elicit and evaluate what said, and (4) the cultural conventions that shape what counts as a meaningful speech in the first place. The article continues on to delineate the importance of accounting for (5) the relationship of the interview to previous occasions of speaking, and (6) the relevant stakes of speaking and interests of speakers. The potential import of each principle is illustrated in reference to methodological challenges encountered during an ethnographic study of an intensive outpatient drug treatment program, a multi-method evaluation of the same program, and relevant practice experiences. In conclusion, the paper discusses how to make the most of data collected in ‘interview intensive’ (Padgett, 2008) qualitative social work research.

Connolly, Deborah. Homeless Mothers: Face to Face with Women and Poverty, 2002.

An account of Connolly's work as a caseworker at a small family shelter in Portland,Oregon. Homeless Mothers follows the daily lives and struggles of a small group of women in the pacific northwest as they negotiate violence, addiction, poverty, fractured familial ties, and an overrun social service system, constrained in terms not only of funds and staff, but also the explanatory models it brings to bear in assessing and assisting its primarily female clients and their children. From the finely crafted account Connolly offers of her work as a social service provider in a small non-profit community center, a rich and complicated set of portraits emerge of the suffering and survival of women situated on the material and ideological margins of social life. These portraits challenge the crude political depictions of such women that accompanied the call for welfare reform during the 1990s and provide a compelling foundation for reevaluating the ways in which homelessness is culturally understood and addressed. A theoretically smart and politically provocative study.

Desjarlais, Robert. "The Office of Reason," American Ethnologist, 1995 [on his ethnography of a shelter in Boston].

------------------------. Shelter Blues. 1997. [ethnography on the discourse politics of a shelter in Boston] 

Gowan, Theresa. Ch 7 The Old Runaround: Class Cleansing in San Francisco, Hobos, Hustlers, and Backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco, 2010. (40 pp) (this is a detailed account of revanchist policies in San Fran).

Hopper, Kim. The making of America's homeless : from Skid Row to new poor, 1945-1984
1984; New York : Community Service Society of New York. (see especially his chapter, "The Limits of Witnessing").

------------------. More than passing strange: homelessness and mental illness in New York City, February 1988 https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1988.15.1.02a00100

-------------------. Reckoning with Homelessness (The Anthropology of Contemporary Issues), 2003. [see especially his final chapter: The limits of witnessing and need for engagement]

In 2003, Hopper gathered some of his key essays into the aptly titled Reckoning with Homelessness, which was wel-comed in many disciplines and reviewed in several languages. This collection offers readers a convenient place to catchup with his voluminous writing and advocacy. He includes ethnographic examples of homelessness in the airport, de-tails methods, and interrogates the ethics of a homeless census count. In the book, he traces the arc of homeless-ness over 30 years and courageously questions his own and others’ research and advocacy. He worries that he and his allies have created a special class of pet poor people by ig-noring the nearly homeless—the desperately poor families and communities from which they have come. Similarly, he asks if in focusing on a category—the homeless—he did a disservice to race, missing the chance to ask why in the 1980s young African American men accounted for a dis-proportionate share of homelessness.

Hall, Tom. Homelessness and the city (chapter), The Routledge Handbook of Anthropology and the City, 2018

Lancione, ch. 10 The City and "the Homeless": Machinic Subjects, in Frichot, ed. Deleuze and the City

Margier A (2023b) The involvement of business elites in the management of homelessness: Towards a privatization of service provision for homeless people? Urban Affairs Review 59 (3):668–691 [about Portland].

Allison Roberts & Julie Steinkopf (2022) The Discourse-cognition-society Triangle of Homelessness: A Critical Discourse Study, Housing, Theory and Society, 39:5, 573-588, DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2022.2058603

We use the sociocognitive approach of critical discourse studies to examine the media’s discourse on homelessness in Portland, Oregon in the United States. Using the discourse-cognition-society triangle of critical discourse studies we find that the discursive and semiotic structures largely advance an us-versus-them discourse and personal choice. These discourses build upon cognitive structures that include reference to the ideologies of hard work and personal responsibility, which are fundamental ideologies in the United States. The need for collective action is recognized but is muted. These discourses and cognitions interact with and inform social and political efforts by advancing solutions which rely upon non-profits rather than government intervention, for government intervention is portrayed as inefficient. This belief in the limited role of government is a primary ideology in the United States. Contributions of this study include demonstrating how the central ideologies of a nation influence local understandings of homelessness.

Analysing Political and Policy Discourse

Bate, Bernard 2014. ‘Oratory, Rhetoric, Politics.’ N. J. Enfield, Paul Kockelman, and Jack Sidnell, eds. Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 517-38. Reading Guide: pp. 1-8, Coda

Brenneis and Myers. Introduction, in Dangerous Words. 1986.

Duranti, Alessandro. From Grammar to Politics.

Duranti, Alessandro. "Narrating the Political Self in a Campaign for th US Congress," in Alessandro Duranti, The Linguistic Anthropology Reader.

Fairclough “Ideology and identity change in political television”

Goffman, Erving. The Lecture, in Forms of Talk, 1983.

Hill. Jane. “‘Read My Article’: Ideological Complexity and the Overdetermination of Promising in American Presidential Politics,” [analysis of the elder Bush’s infamous pledge on taxes at the 1988 Republican National Convention]

Hodges, Adam. When the Discourse of Theater Trumps Truth. Anthropology News, March 2017.

Hodges, Adam. "How Plausibly Deniable is It?" Anthropology News, 2017. [On Trump's embodied discourse strategies and indexicality]

Hodges, Adam. Playing Telephone with the Power of the Presidency. Anthropology News, 2017. [on the intertextual nature of Trump's alternative facts]

Irvine, Judith. formality

Irvine talk insn't cheap, lang and polit econ

Jackson 2013 book

Paine 1981 politically speaking

Parkin, David. Political Language, Annual Review of Anthropology, 1984. 

Peters, John Durham. Speaking into Air, ch. 5 Quest for Authentic Connection (discusses radio broadcasting, etc; could be interesting for political communication)

Rosaldo  I have nothing but talk, 1973.

Rasinarison, Elie. 2003. Poetry and Politics

Silverstein, Michael. The Substance of Style, 2003.

Silverstein, Michael and Michael Lempert. Creatures of Politics.

Stasch, Rupert. Ritual and Oratory Revisited: The Semiotics of Effective Action. Annual Review of Anthropology 40, 2011.

Kira Hall, Donna Meryl Goldstein, Matthew Bruce Ingram, The hands of Donald Trump: Entertainment, gesture, spectacle. Hau 2 (2016).

Velasquez-Mannoff, Moises. "Trump Ruins Irony too" (NYT op-ed, March 2017) [on Trump administration strategic efforts to destabilize reality/facts through use of air quotes]

Sloganization and the Political Pragmatics of Interdiscursivity: The Social Life of a Haitian Political Critique,"

Journal of Linguistic Anthropology

Volume 25, Issue 3, December 2015, Pages: 303–321, Alison C. Joersz

The Limits of Legitimacy: Language Ideology and Shift in Contemporary Senegal

Journal of Linguistic Anthropology

Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2000, Pages: 90–130, Leigh Swigart [analysis of a public speech]

Political Oratory and Cartooning: Ethnography of Democratic Processes in Madagascar by Jennifer Jackson. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. pp. viii + 257 pp.

Journal of Linguistic Anthropology

Volume 24, Issue 3, December 2014, Pages: 370–372, Aurora Donzelli

Links

Language Policy Archives (James Crawford's website devoted to archiving language policy issues In the U.S)

Political Oratory

Youtube video of Obama at Ben's Chili Bowl style-shifting, 2009 (discussed in Alim and Smitherman).

Jamila Lyiscott – 3 Ways to Speak English (Ted Talk, Feb 2014)
Jamila Lyiscott is a “tri-tongued orator;” in her powerful spoken-word essay “Broken English,” she celebrates — and challenges — the three distinct flavors of English she speaks with her friends, in the classroom and with her parents. As she explores the complicated history and present-day identity that each language represents, she unpacks what it means to be “articulate.”

Obama, Rhetorical Registers, and Messaging

Jon Stewart on Hillary Clinton on Obama (March 2008)

Hillary Clinton anti-Obama ad (2008)

John McCain's anti-Obama ad, drawing on Clinton's (W. Post, 2008)

Hillary Clinton anti-Obama ad (2008)

Hillary Clinton vs Obama Debate (S. Carolina Jan 2008)

The 10 Nastiest Moments of the Obama-Hillary Primary (W. Post, 2013)

Barack Obama "A More Perfect Union" (The Race Speech) (March 18, 2008)

"A More Perfect Union" (Digital Exhibit on Obama's speech, National Constitution Center)

Related Films and Videos

Trump and Political Oratory

Trump oratory examples

• Trump announces presidential campaign 2015
  Jackson on Western development register: simple, agent-centered words, classic short simple sentences, main market terms at end of sentences, 1-2 syllable words, cites himself; shifts register to business speak: the brand of America
  
  
• Trump honors Andrew Jackson at heritage museum 2017
  Jackson: similar to Malagasy politicians' use of proverbs: tries to link himself to Jackson as 'great president', populist message: confronts/defies 'arrogant elite', joking frame links himself directly: Trump and Jackson, Jackson and Trump, rejected authority that looked down on the common people
  
  
• Trump's '2 Corinthians' blunder at Liberty College speech 2016
  Jackson: Similar to Madagascar president's use of citation from Gospel; Trump tries to cite the bible but makes a metapragmatic mistake: mispronounces the citation, shows he doesn't read the bible, loses his audience temporarily (they chuckle), opens himself to widespread parody. This in contrast with politicians' attempts at seamless interanimation by voicing God, switches to baldly instrumental Dev/marketing register: isn't that what you like?

Analyses

• Nerdwriter on Trump's use of language:
  "How Donald Trump Answers a Question," 2015
  "How (and Why) Trump tweets," 2016.

• "Trump Relies on Mock Spanish to Talk about Immigration,"Latino Rebels, 2016

• "Donald Trump's Bad Hombres Language Appropriation and the Reproduction of Whiteness by Linguistic Dissociation with Racial Others," Jamie Thomas, 2016.

• Hodges, Adam. "How Plausibly Deniable is It?" Anthropology News, 2017. [On Trump's embodied discourse strategies and indexicality]

  • "metapragmatic attack" (Jacquemet): Trump's imitation of a disabled reporter (Nov 2015, CNN)
  • "Trump's Formulaic Twitter Insults," Anthropology News, Jan. 2017.

Mon Mar 25 Urban Ethnography and Street Discourses

• READ: Gowan, Theresa. Ch 1 Urban Ethnography Beyond the Culture Wars and Ch. 4 Word on the Street, Hobos, Hustlers, and Backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco, 2010. (~60 pp). (ereserve). Reading Guide: Ch. 1 Read ALL; Ch. 4: Read all except: Skim: pp 119-125 (Skim=read first paragraph, scan first lines of other paragraphs); Skim: pp. 129-133 (Read: p. 133- "The Street Ain't No Place...); Skim: pp. 137-9 "Recovery" (Read p. 139-140: "This chapter has turned..."); Skim: p 141-146.
  
• Key Terms: Control, Media, Oratory, Performativity, Vision, Voice

Wed Mar 27 Ethnography of Managing the Houseless

• READ: Carr, Summerson. “Secrets keep you sick”: Metalinguistic labor in a drug treatment program for homeless women," Language and Society, 2006. (16 pp) (ereserve).
• READ: Gowan, Theresa. Ch. 6 The Homeless Archipelago, Hobos, Hustlers, and Backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco, 2010. (p. 185-222, 32 pp) (ereserve). Reading Guide: Skim: 185-192 (What is the "Continuum of Care"?); Read: 192-212; Skim: 212-222.
• Key Terms: Control, Media, Oratory, Performativity, Vision, Voice

Further Reading 

The Histories and (Language) Politics of Houselessness in the U.S.

Matthew B. Anderson, Elijah C. Hansen, Zachary Arms & Stephen G. Tsikalas (2022) Class monopoly rent, property relations, and Portland's homeless crisis, Urban Geography, 43:2, 252-271, DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2020.1847937

Anderson et al Compassionate Revanchism, 2023, (mostly about Spokane, but does partially model the critique of public discourse).

Carr, Summerson. Qualifying the Qualitative Social Work Interview: A Linguistic Anthropological Approach, Vol 10(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325009359

As a methodological proposal, this article proposes an approach to interview analysis that connects the content of interview data with (1) the immediate context of the interview, (2) the way context emerges and changes during an interview, (3) the relationship between the interviewee, the interviewer, and other less immediate parties who elicit and evaluate what said, and (4) the cultural conventions that shape what counts as a meaningful speech in the first place. The article continues on to delineate the importance of accounting for (5) the relationship of the interview to previous occasions of speaking, and (6) the relevant stakes of speaking and interests of speakers. The potential import of each principle is illustrated in reference to methodological challenges encountered during an ethnographic study of an intensive outpatient drug treatment program, a multi-method evaluation of the same program, and relevant practice experiences. In conclusion, the paper discusses how to make the most of data collected in ‘interview intensive’ (Padgett, 2008) qualitative social work research.

Connolly, Deborah. Homeless Mothers: Face to Face with Women and Poverty, 2002.

An account of Connolly's work as a caseworker at a small family shelter in Portland,Oregon. Homeless Mothers follows the daily lives and struggles of a small group of women in the pacific northwest as they negotiate violence, addiction, poverty, fractured familial ties, and an overrun social service system, constrained in terms not only of funds and staff, but also the explanatory models it brings to bear in assessing and assisting its primarily female clients and their children. From the finely crafted account Connolly offers of her work as a social service provider in a small non-profit community center, a rich and complicated set of portraits emerge of the suffering and survival of women situated on the material and ideological margins of social life. These portraits challenge the crude political depictions of such women that accompanied the call for welfare reform during the 1990s and provide a compelling foundation for reevaluating the ways in which homelessness is culturally understood and addressed. A theoretically smart and politically provocative study.

Desjarlais, Robert. "The Office of Reason," American Ethnologist, 1995 [on his ethnography of a shelter in Boston].

------------------------. Shelter Blues. 1997. [ethnography on the discourse politics of a shelter in Boston] 

Gowan, Theresa. Ch 7 The Old Runaround: Class Cleansing in San Francisco, Hobos, Hustlers, and Backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco, 2010. (40 pp) (this is a detailed account of revanchist policies in San Fran).

Hopper, Kim. The making of America's homeless : from Skid Row to new poor, 1945-1984
1984; New York : Community Service Society of New York. (see especially his chapter, "The Limits of Witnessing").

------------------. More than passing strange: homelessness and mental illness in New York City, February 1988 https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1988.15.1.02a00100

-------------------. Reckoning with Homelessness (The Anthropology of Contemporary Issues), 2003. [see especially his final chapter: The limits of witnessing and need for engagement]

In 2003, Hopper gathered some of his key essays into the aptly titled Reckoning with Homelessness, which was wel-comed in many disciplines and reviewed in several languages. This collection offers readers a convenient place to catchup with his voluminous writing and advocacy. He includes ethnographic examples of homelessness in the airport, de-tails methods, and interrogates the ethics of a homeless census count. In the book, he traces the arc of homeless-ness over 30 years and courageously questions his own and others’ research and advocacy. He worries that he and his allies have created a special class of pet poor people by ig-noring the nearly homeless—the desperately poor families and communities from which they have come. Similarly, he asks if in focusing on a category—the homeless—he did a disservice to race, missing the chance to ask why in the 1980s young African American men accounted for a dis-proportionate share of homelessness.

Hall, Tom. Homelessness and the city (chapter), The Routledge Handbook of Anthropology and the City, 2018

Lancione, ch. 10 The City and "the Homeless": Machinic Subjects, in Frichot, ed. Deleuze and the City

Margier A (2023b) The involvement of business elites in the management of homelessness: Towards a privatization of service provision for homeless people? Urban Affairs Review 59 (3):668–691 [about Portland].

Allison Roberts & Julie Steinkopf (2022) The Discourse-cognition-society Triangle of Homelessness: A Critical Discourse Study, Housing, Theory and Society, 39:5, 573-588, DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2022.2058603

We use the sociocognitive approach of critical discourse studies to examine the media’s discourse on homelessness in Portland, Oregon in the United States. Using the discourse-cognition-society triangle of critical discourse studies we find that the discursive and semiotic structures largely advance an us-versus-them discourse and personal choice. These discourses build upon cognitive structures that include reference to the ideologies of hard work and personal responsibility, which are fundamental ideologies in the United States. The need for collective action is recognized but is muted. These discourses and cognitions interact with and inform social and political efforts by advancing solutions which rely upon non-profits rather than government intervention, for government intervention is portrayed as inefficient. This belief in the limited role of government is a primary ideology in the United States. Contributions of this study include demonstrating how the central ideologies of a nation influence local understandings of homelessness.

Related Films and Videos

WATCH: 13th, Ava Duvernay, dir, 2016, 100 min (Screen via Moodle), **Content Notes: Depictions of police brutality, prison torture, crackdowns on protests, portrayals of 1980s-90s criminalization of Black people.

Mon Apr 1 Ethics and Discourses of Policing

• READ: Jauregui, Beatrice. Ch. 5 Dirty Anthropology: Epistemologies of Violence and Ethical Entanglements in Police Ethnography, in William Garriott, ed., Policing and Contemporary Governance: The Anthropology of Police in Practice, Palgrave, 2013. (ereserve). Content Notes: description of police beatings and torture.
• READ: McElhinny, Bonnie. 2003. Fearful, Forceful Agents of the Law: Ideologies about Language and Gender in Police Officers’ Narratives about the Use of Physical Force. Pragmatics 13(2):253-284. (ereserve).
• Key Terms: Conflict, Identity, Ideology, Power

Wed Apr 3 Contested Visions of Policing

• READ: Goodwin, Charles. 1994. Professional Vision. American Anthropologist 96(3): 606-633. (ereserve). Content Notes: descriptions of Rodney King's beating at the hands of police.
• Key Terms: Control, Gesture, Media, Power, Space, Vision

Further Reading

Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press, 2010.

Baugh, work on linguistic profiling

Carter, Elisabeth. Analysing Police Interviews: Laughter, Confessions and the Tape.

Garriott, William, ed., Policing and Contemporary Governance: The Anthropology of Police in Practice, Palgrave, 2013.

McElhinny, Bonnie. 2001. See No Evil, Speak No Evil: White Police Officers’ Arguments Around Race and Affirmative Action. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 11(1): 65-78.

McElhinny, Bonnie. 1998. “‘I Don’t Smile Much Anymore’: Affect, Gender and the Discourse of Pittsburgh Police Officers.” In Jennifer Coates ed. Language and Gender: A Reader. Malden, MA: Blackwell. 309-327.

McElhinny, Bonnie. 1995. “Challenging Hegemonic Masculinities: Female and Male Police Officers Handling Domestic Violence.” In Kira Hall and Mary Bucholtz eds. Gender Articulated. NY: Routledge. 217-243.

McElhinny, Bonnie. 1994 “An Economy of Affect: Objectivity, Masculinity and the Gendering of Police Work.”  In Andrea Cornwall and Nancy  Lindisfarne eds. Dislocating Masculinity: Comparative Ethnographies. NY: Routledge. 159-171.

Meacham, Sarah Suttner. Getting Schooled: Rehabilitative Practices in a Los Angeles Court School Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Volume 11, Issue 2, December 2001, Pages: 274–292.

O'Connor, Patricia E. Speaking of Crime: Narratives of Prisoners.  Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. 206 pp. [reviewed well in J. Ling Anth; about prisoners' own narratives and life story as method]

Wilson, John and Karyn Stapleton. The Discourse of Resistance: Social Change and Policing in Northern Ireland, Language in Society, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Jun., 2007), pp. 393-425. (ereserve).

Rodney King and the L.A. Uprisings (1992-)

• Rodney King (1965-2012) (Wikipedia)
• Mydans, Seth. THE POLICE VERDICT; Los Angeles Policemen Acquitted in Taped Beating," New York Times, April 1992.
• 1992 compilation of TV news coverage of LA uprisings (Youtube), includes audio of white woman juror explaining how the defense's presentation of the video shaped how she saw it.
• President Bush live address on the Rodney King trial and LA uprisings, 1992 (Youtube)
• 2011 CNN documentary on Rodney King (youtube), includes interview with Rodney King, who relives the events
• Clash of Colors: the 1992 LA Riots from the Korean-American Perspective, 2012 documentary
• Flatow, Nicole. What Has Changed About Police Brutality In America, From Rodney King To Michael Brown (Think Progress, 2014).
• The LA riots--24 Years Later (LA Times, 2016)

Black Lives Matter Resources

• The Black Lives Matter Syllabus (Prof. Frank Leon Roberts, NYU 2016)
• The Black Lives Matter Syllabus Project (Anthropoliteia Blog, from Anthro perspective)

Related Films and Videos

13th
New documentary (2016, Netflix) by director Ava DuVerny (director of Selma), explores the history of race, mass incarceration, and the criminal justice system in the United States. The film's title refers to the 13th Amendment, which freed the slaves and prohibited slavery (unless as punishment for a crime).

Mon Apr 8 The Politics of Multilingualism in the Courts

• READ: Thetela, Pulie. Discourse, Culture, Law: The analysis of crosstalk in the Southern African bilingual courtroom, AILA Review 16 (2003), 78–88. (ereserve). Content notes: discussion and analysis of rape trials, brief explicit narratives of rape.
• READ: Lippi-Green, Rosina. "Accent, Standard Language Ideology, and Discriminatory Pretext in the Courts." Language in Society, 1999. (ereserve).
• Key Terms: Conflict, Competence, Control, Heteroglossia, Power, Switching, Voice

Wed Apr 10 Testifying While Black in U.S. Criminal Court Trials

• READ: Jones, Taylor. 2019. "Testifying While Black," Language Jones Blog.
• READ: Slobe, Tyanna. 2016. Creepy-Ass Cracker in post-racial America: Don West’s examination of Rachel Jeantel in the George Zimmerman murder trial. Text & Talk 36(5): 613-635. (ereserve).
• Key Terms: Expert, Interview, Power

In-class: Workshop on Rachel Jeantel's testimony

Further Reading

Conley, Robin. Confronting the Death Penalty, published by Oxford University Press (2015), explores how jurors use language to counter moments of empathy they share with defendants, thereby justifying their decisions for death.

Conley, R. (2016). Executing Language: Discourses of rationality and empathy in jurors’ death penalty decisions. Oxford University Press.

Conley, R. (2013). Living with the Decision that Someone Will Die: Linguistic distance and empathy in jurors’ death penalty decisions. Language in Society.

Conley, R. & J.M. Conley (2009). Stories from the Jury Room: How jurors use narrative to process evidence. Studies in Law, Politics, and Society 49(2).

Conley, R. (2008). “At the time she was a man”: The temporal dimension of identity construction. Political and Legal Anthropology Review 31(1):28-47.

Cunningham, Clark and Bonnie McElhinny. 1995. Taking it to the Streets: Putting Discourse Analysis to the Service of a Public Defender’s Office. Clinical Law Review 2(1):285-314.

Eades (e.g. 1994) [on Aboriginal witnesses in Australian courts, and how their communicative style disempowers them before the law]

Eades, Diana . "I Don't Think It's an Answer to the Question: Silencing Aboriginal Witnesses in Court." Language in Society, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Jun., 2000), pp. 161-195

Ehrlich, Susan. Representing Rape (chapter 2), 2001,

Ehrlich, Susan and Jack Sidnell. "I Think That's Not an Assumption You Ought to Make": Challenging Presuppositions in Inquiry Testimony." Language in Society, Vol. 35, No. 5 (Nov., 2006), pp. 655-676.

Philip Gaines. Presupposition as investigator certainty in a police interrogation: The case of Lorenzo Montoya’s false confession. Discourse & Society, Jan 24, 2018.

Labov, “Objectivity and Commitment in Linguistic Science” (article on linguists as expert witnesses in Ann Arbor case)

Philips, Susan U. Ideology in the Language of Judges: How Judges Practice Law, Politics, and
Courtroom Control. New York:Oxford University Press, 1998. 205 pp. [reviewed well by Merry]

Richland, Justin B. 2008. Arguing with Tradition the Language of Law in Hopi Tribal Court. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rickford and King. Language and linguistics on trial: Hearing Rachel Jeantel (and other vernacular
speakers) in the courtroom and beyond. Language, Volume 92, Number 4, December 2016, pp. 948-988.

Yanrong Chang, "Courtroom Questioning as a Culturally Situated Persuasive Genre of Talk" [theory/method thin, but is Chinese context, downplays chin lang though (all in translation), does give good ex. of analysing types of stances in forms of questioning]

Verschueren, Jef. Ethnography of Communication and History: A Case Study of Diplomatic Intertextuality and Ideology Journal of Linguistic Anthropology Volume 23, Issue 3, December 2013, Pages: 142–159,  [int'l legal hearings on warfare]

Related Links

The Shooting Death of Trayvon Martin and the Trial of George Zimmerman (2012-3)

• The Zimmerman Trail, day by day (NYT)
• Trayvon Martin and the Irony of American Justice (Ta-Nehisi Coates, The Atlantic)
• The Facts in the Zimmerman Trial (The New Yorker)
• Rachel Jeantel on Trial (The New Yorker)
• CNN Anderson Cooper 360 show on the Zimmerman tape 2012 (analyzed by Hodges)

Black Lives Matter Resources

• The Black Lives Matter Syllabus (Prof. Frank Leon Roberts, NYU 2016)
• The Black Lives Matter Syllabus Project (Anthropoliteia Blog, from Anthro perspective)

Related Films and Videos

• Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story (6-Part Docuseries on Martin's life and death, Paramount Network, 2018)

Rachel Jeantel and the George Zimmerman Trial (2013)

• Does Rachel Jeantel's Body Language Speak Volumes? (CNN June 2013)
• George Zimmerman Juror: In Our Hearts We Felt He Was Guilty (ABC news, 2013)
• "George Zimmerman trial: Who’s who in the Trayvon Martin case," (LA Times, 2013)
• Cobb, Jelani. Rachel Jeantel on Trial (New Yorker, 2013).
• Cooper, Brittney. Dark-skinned and plus-sized: The real Rachel Jeantel story. (Salon 2013)
• McWhorter, John. Rachel Jeantel, Explained Linguistically (Time Mag, 2013)
• Meraji, Shereen. What [BLANK] Folks Don't Understand About Rachel Jeantel (NPR Codeswitch 2013).
• Rachel Jeantel's first interview after Zimmerman was acquitted (Piers Morgan, July 2013)
• Rachel Jeantel interview with Al Sharpton, comments on Don West (MSNBC, July 2013)
• Rachel Jeantel's Transformation (ABC News July 2014)
• Rachel Jeantel on Trayvon's Last Phone Call (The Trayvon Martin Story, 2018)
• Rickford, John. 2016. Linguistic Society of America 2016 Annual Meeting Presidential Address (video). Language and Linguistics on Trial: Hearing Vernacular Speakers in Courtrooms and Beyond [on race and language politics in Rachel Jeantel's testimony during Trayvon Martin trial]
• Rickford, John. Language Log blog post on Rachel Jeantel's testimony.

Mon Apr 15 Language, Immigration and Nation-state

• READ: Blommaert, Jan. Language, Asylum and the National Order (p. 415-425) PLUS comments from Eades, Jacquement (p. 427-429), and Stroud (p. 434-435) PLUS Blommaert response (p. 436-438). Current Anthropology volume 50, Number 4, August 2009. (ereserve). **Content Notes: Description of political violence, torture and child rape in an account of a Rwandan refugee's life.
• Key Terms: Contact, Control, Crossing, Expert, Identity, Interview, Heteroglossia, Power, Switching

Wed Apr 17 Discursive practices and immigrants in the United States

• READ: Parsons Dick, Hilary. Making Immigrants Illegal in Small-Town USA. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Vol. 21, Issue S1, pp. E35–E55. (ereserve)
• READ: Perez et al. Zapotec, Mixtec and Purapacha Youth: Multilingualism and the Marginalisation of Indigenous Immigrants in the United States. In Alim et al, eds. Raciolinguistics, 2016. (Bookstore, book reserve, ereserve).
• Key Terms: Community, Control, Crossing, Expert, Literacy, Heteroglossia, Power, Switching

Further Reading

Ahearn, Laura. Ch. 6 Multilingualism and Globalization, in Living Language.

Bailey, Benjamin (2000) Communicative Behavior and Conflict between African-American Customers and Korean Immigrant Retailers in Los Angeles.  Discourse and Society 11(1):86-108

Battistella, “Bad Language, Bad Citizens,” pp. 125-36-Contesting Representations of Immigration” by Jonathan Rosa, originally published October 2013 in Anthropology News.  [PDF article]

Blommaert, Jan, James Collins & Stef Slem brouck (2005) Spaces of multilingualism. Language and Communication 25/3: 197-216

Blommaert, Jan, Helen Kelly-Holmes, Sirpa Leppänen, Mairead Moriarty, Sari Pietikainen & Arja Piirainen-Marsh (2008) Media, multilingualism, language policing. Special issue of Language Policy

Chávez, Alex E. So ¿te fuiste a Dallas? (So you went to Dallas?/So you got screwed?): Language, Migration, and the Poetics of Transgression. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 28 August 2015

Park, Joseh Sung-yul. 2019. Linguistic Anthropology in 2018: Signifying Movement. American Anthropologist.

Pujolar, Joan. Language, Immigration, and the Nation-State. In Bonvillain, ed, Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology.

Reyes on Korean immigrants in US In Alim et al, eds. Raciolinguistics, 2016.

Rosa, Jonathan. Contesting Representations of Immigration. Anthropology News, 2012.

Santa Ana: ‘Like an Animal I was Treated’: Anti-Immigrant Metaphor in US Public Discourse (Goodwin uses, I have pdf)

Schiffman, H. 2006. “Language Policy and Linguistic Culture”. In An Introduction to Language Policy: Theory and Method

Shankar, Shalini (2011) Style and Language Use among Youth of the New Immigration: Formations of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class in Everyday Practice. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 18(6):646-671.

Immigration Politics in the U.S.

Denvir, Dan. Op-Ed: "The Case Against 'Border Security," New York Times, Feb. 2019

Related Films and Videos

Jonathan Rosa on immigration on MSNBC 2011 http://www.swarthmore.edu/news-events/watch-linguistic-anthropologist-jonathan-rosa-03-discusses-immigration-and-race-msnbc

"Trump Relies on Mock Spanish to Talk about Immigration," Latino Rebels, 2016

"Donald Trump's Bad Hombres Language Appropriation and the Reproduction of Whiteness by Linguistic Dissociation with Racial Others," Jamie Thomas, 2016.

Film: Our Spirits Don’t Speak English http://www.richheape.com/boarding-school.htm

“Our Spirits Don't Speak English: Indian Boarding School" is a Native American perspective on Indian Boarding Schools. This DVD produced by Rich-Heape Films, Inc. uncovers the dark history of U.S. Government policy which took Indian children from their homes, forced them into boarding schools and enacted a policy of educating them in the ways of Western Society. This DVD gives a voice to the countless Indian children forced through a system designed to strip them of their Native American culture, heritage and traditions.

Do You Speak American?" 2005 PBS documentary [youtube clips from it of John baugh on ling profiling, clip on California schools and issue of AAE and multilingualism]

21 Accents (by the actor Amy Walker)

People Around the World Try and American Accent (Buzzfeed, 2015).

Jamila Lyiscott – 3 Ways to Speak English (Ted Talk, Feb 2014)
Jamila Lyiscott is a “tri-tongued orator;” in her powerful spoken-word essay “Broken English,” she celebrates — and challenges — the three distinct flavors of English she speaks with her friends, in the classroom and with her parents. As she explores the complicated history and present-day identity that each language represents, she unpacks what it means to be “articulate.”

The English Only Movement in the U.S. (Youtube playlist, mid-2000s on)

Language Policy.net: U.S. English and English First, two national groups spearheading this legislation, started small in the mid-1980s. Drawing support mainly from direct-mail contributions, they have grown steadily in budgets, staffs, and influence. H.R. 123, the leading "Language of Government" bill in the 104th Congress, boasted nearly 200 cosponsors. Public support has exceeded 85 percent in some opinion polls. English Only is no longer a fringe movement. 

Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert on Obama's nomination of Judge Sonia Sotomayor for the Supreme Court and mainstream media efforts to (mis)pronounce her name and discredit her qualifications (Huffington Post, 2009)

Substitute Teacher, Key and Peele (Comedy Central 2012, skit discussed by Bucholtz)

"Just Try Saying my Name Right!" (Decoded, MTV)

When Someone Mispronounces Your Name (Buzzfeed)

WATCH: Arrival, Paramount Pictures, 2016 (film based on Ted Chiang's short story, A Story of Your Life). (Screen via Moodle)

Mon Apr 22 Implications and Futures: Language, Time, and Worldview

• READ: Cameron, Deborah. "Linguistic Relativity: Benjamin Lee Whorf and the Return of the Repressed,” Critical Quarterly 41(2), 1999. (4 pgs) (ereserve).
• READ: Chiang, Ted. "A Story of Your Life," in Stories of Your Life and Others, Vintage Press, 2016 (1998). (ereserve). [Short story on which the 2016 Paramount pictures film "Arrival" was based]
• Key Terms: Relativity, Socialization, Truth

Wed Apr 24 Final paper workshop and review: final paper draft/outline due in class for peer review

• How are language, culture and power intertwined? What is power or agency in practice? How do we demonstrate that ethnographically?

Share: Final Paper Guidelines, Guidelines for Writing in Anthropology, Final Paper Template, Paper Criteria, Anth 201 Course Research Guide, Sample Transcription (Shelly Jones)

Further Reading

Park, Joseh Sung-yul. 2019. Linguistic Anthropology in 2018: Signifying Movement. American Anthropologist.

Shankar, Shalini. Ling Anthro in 2016: now what? American Anthro. June 2017. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aman.12865/full

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: Linguistic Relativity and Worldview

Ahearn, Laura. Conclusion: Language, Power and Agency. in Living Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016.

Duranti, Alessandro. Relativity. in Duranti, ed., Key Terms in Language and Culture. 2001.

Irvine, Judith and Bruce Mannheim. Language and World View, Annual Review of Anthropology,
Vol. 21 (1992), pp. 381-406.

Woolard, Kathryn. Linguistic Relativity, Whorf, Linguistic Anthropology. (the author was President of the Society for Linguistic Anthropology, responding to a popular NYT article, provides bibliography of alternative sources in Ling anthro), 2010.

Wikipedia. Linguistic Relativity.

Does the Linguistic Theory at the Center of the Film ‘Arrival’ Have Any Merit? Smithsonian.com, 2016.

Related Links

• "Free Will and the Nature of Time," Interview with Ted Chiang on his short story and Arrival, Nov. 2017
• Rothman, Joshua. Ted Chiang's Soulful Science Fiction. New Yorker, Jan 2017.
• The Legendary Ted Chiang on Seeing His Stories Adapted and the Ever-Expanding Popularity of SF. Electric Lit Blog. (interview with Megan Carrion), July 2016.
• The Perfectionist. California Sunday Magazine, 2015. ("Ted Chiang’s science fiction wins piles of awards. When he publishes, which is hardly ever.")
• Statt, Nick. How the short story that inspired Arrival helps us interpret the film’s major twist," The Verge, Nov 2016 [Spoiler alert!!]
• Orzel, Chad. "Here's the Physics that got left out of Arrival," (Forbes, Nov 2017)

• "Arrival: Linguist behind film talks speaking to aliens and how Donald Trump is affecting language," The Independent, March 2017. (Reedie Linguistics major, and now Prof of Linguistics at McGill University, Jessica Coon, consulted with the filmmakers)
• Coon, Jessica. Alien Speak: Linguist Dr. Jessica Coon on Villeneuve’s ARRIVAL. Sloan Science and Film blog, Nov 2016.
• Jessica Coon's page of links on Arrival and her involvement in the film.

Related Films and Videos

Arrival (Paramount Pictures, 2016) trailer (film based on Ted Chiang's short story, A Story of Your Life).

Arrival trailer two (Youtube)